1. Social Cognitive Theory (I)
EDU 330: Educational Psychology
Daniel Moos

2. Social Cognitive Theory: Relating to Behaviorism

3. Behaviorism: Key concepts
Triadic Reciprocal Causation Model
Self-efficacy
Self-regulation
Self-control 6

4. Self-efficacy: Introduction
Self-efficacy: Judgment about one’s capability to organize and complete a course of action required to accomplish a specific task (Bandura, 1986, 1997)
In your experience, what factors affect students’ self-efficacy?

5. Self-efficacy: Sources

6. Self-efficacy: Developmental Issues
Students’ perceptions of academic competence generally declines as they advance through school
Increased competition, less teacher attention, more norm-referenced grading, ability grouping
Transitional Influences
Movement from homeroom based to advisory role
Role of peers
Peer networks & model similarity
Changes in self-appraisal skills

7. Self-efficacy: Effects (I)
High Self-efficacy
Low Self-efficacy
Accept challenging tasks
Avoid challenging tasks
Task Orientation
Expend high effort when faced with challenging tasks
Expend low effort when faced with challenging task
Effort
Persist when goals are not initially reached
Give up when goals are not initially reached
Persistence

8. Self-efficacy: Effects (II)
High Self-efficacy
Low Self-efficacy
Beliefs
Believe they will succeed
Focus on feelings of incompetence
Strategy Use
Persist with unproductive strategies
Discard unproductive strategies
Perform higher than low self-efficacy students of equal ability
Perform lower than high-efficacy students of equal ability
Performance

9. The Components of a Self-Regulatory System, 1 view
SRL: Thoughts, feelings, or actions purposely generated and controlled by student to maximize learning of knowledge and skills for a given task and set of conditions
Forethought Phase
 Task analysis
 Self-motivational beliefs
Performance Phase
 Self-control
 Self-observation
Self-Reflection Phase
 Self-judgment
 Self-reaction 10

10. (Azevedo; Moos; Pintrich; Winne & Hadwin; Zimmerman)
The Components of a Self-Regulatory System, 2nd view
(Azevedo; Moos; Pintrich; Winne & Hadwin; Zimmerman)
PHASES
Cognition
Motivation
Behavior
Context
Planning
Monitoring
Control
Reaction &
Reflection
AREAS
Prior knowledge activation
Time and effort planning
Perception of task/context
Task interest
Metacognitive monitoring
Monitoring of motivation
Monitoring of time, effort
Monitoring changing context
Selection of strategies
Strategy selection for managing motivation
Behavioral strategies, such as help-seeking
Contextual choices
Cognitive judgments
Affective reactions
Behavioral reflection
Evaluate task/context

11. Using SRL Theory in Research (I)
Planning
n = 3 `
Strategy Use
n = 13
Monitoring
n = 11
Recycle Goals
Plan
Set sub-goal
Take notes
Read notes
Summarize
Make an inference
Activate prior knowledge
Memorize
Re-read...
Content Evaluation(+)
Content Evaluation(-)
Feeling of Knowing(+)
Feeling of Knowing(-)
Time Monitoring
Judgment of Learning
Monitoring Progress...

12. Using SRL Theory in Research (II)
Coded Think-Aloud Transcription: Example
Strategy
Strategy
Strategy
Monitoring
Strategy
Strategy

13. The Components of a Self-Regulatory System, cont.
To what extent do students self-regulate their learning?
Strategy
Total
Mean
Summarizing
301
12.04
Taking Notes
266
10.64
Re-reading
116
4.64
COIS 30
1.20
Inference 25
1.00
Reading Notes 18
0.72
Drawing 11
0.44
Mnemonics 9
0.36

14. The Components of a Self-Regulatory System, cont.
To what extent do students self-regulate their learning?
Monitoring
Total
Mean
JOL 98
3.92 CE 54
2.16
MUS 16
0.64
MPTG 4
0.16
Planning
PKA 29
1.16
Sub-Goals 3
0.12
Plan 2
0.08
Strategy Use:
Summarization: 12.04
Take Notes: 10.64

15. The Components of a Self-Regulatory System, cont.
How can we support students’ development of SRL?
What is the meaning of …?
Why is … important?
What is the difference between … and …?
How are … and … similar?
What is the best …, and why?
What are some possible solutions to the problem of …?
Compare … and … with regard to …?
How does … cause …?
What do you think causes…?
What is a new example of …?
How would you use … to …?
What would happen if …?
What are the strengths and weaknesses of …?
What do we already know about …?
How does … tie in with what we learned before?
Explain why…
Explain how…
How does … affect …? 10

16. The Components of a Learning Strategy
The Components of a Self-Regulatory System, cont.
How can we support students’ development of SRL?
The Components of a Learning Strategy
Metacognition
Analysis
Planning
Implementation of the Plan
Monitoring of Progress
Modification 10