1. 1.What trophic level is directly responsible for the energy obtained by the primary consumer? 2.Which of the following illustrates why not all of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next a.Not all the biomass is consumed b.Not all the consumed biomass is digested c.Cellular respiration uses some energy, but not all d.At night, solar energy is not giving producers energy e.Only a, b and c are correct

2. 3. Generally, how much energy is lost from one trophic level to the next? a. 10% b. 20% c. 50% d. 75% e. 90% 4. The second law of thermodynamics state that _______ tends to increase in any system. The energy lost in a food chain is a perfect example of this.

3. 5.“Three hundred trout are required to support one man for a year. The trout, in turn, must consume 90,000 frogs, which must consume 27 million grasshoppers, which live off of 1,000 tons of grass”. Why isn’t the description of this food chain entirely accurate? 6.What is created when individual food chains overlap one another? 7.How long will it take Vanessa cardui to complete its life cycle?

4. 8.What life stage is the Vanessa cardui in during the phase of the experiment we begin at? (the answer is NOT caterpillar) 9.Growth of the caterpillar consists of about six “instars”, the last of which leads to the third stage of the Vanessa cardui’s life…called what? 10. What do adult butterflies feed on? ***BONUS*** What is the main purpose of the adult butterfly?