1. World War II
1939~1945

2. Communism Joseph Stalin Nazism Adolf Hitler Fascism Benito Mussolini
Rise of Nationalism
Communism Joseph Stalin Nazism Adolf Hitler Fascism Benito Mussolini
Explain Totalitarianism
Stalin
1922 Death Linin “Man of Steel”
Agriculture and Industrial Revolution
1927 Launch true socialist – no private industries
1939 Soviet Union 3rd Industry behind America and Germany
Complete control over citizens
Hitler
1933 Chancellor Wiermar Republic
Austrian
Nationalism Rise of the 3rd Reich
Greater Germany “Lebensraum”
Aryan
Impure
Benito Mussolini
1922 “Il Duce” (The Chief)
Totalitarian yet no control farms and factories
Afraid of communism
Wanted Italy to be a great world power
In Asia (Japanese Nationalism)
Expansionalist
1931 Chinese Province Manchuria Resources

3. Militaristic Movements
German Movement
Rome-Berlin Pact
Italian Movement
1935 Hitler build army Rhineland
Rome-Berlin Pact
1935 Mussolini invades Ethiopia
1937 Guernica, Luftwaffe, Spanish Civil War, Francisco Franco (Fascism)

4. The League of Nations? What is it? Failure to act! Germany…
Explain League of Nations
Where are they, why not helping?
After WWI, formed, talks big, does not want war
1935 Hitler pulls Germany from League of Nations

5. What about U.S.? Isolationism Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act
Neutrality Act
Japanese Expansion (more)
Isolationsim
1933 FDR recognized SU exchange ambassador
1934 Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act – reduced foreign tariff by 50%\
1935 Neutrality Act – no arms sales or loans
1937 Japan invades China – no war declared, does not violate Neutrality
% of the U.S. does not want to go to war

6. Lebenstraum Austria Sudetenland Austria
Meet chancellor, aggressive meeting, second guess
March 12, 1938 German troops invade
2 days, resignation
League of Nations does not respond
Sudetenland
Czechoslovakia
Mountainous
3 million German speaking
Lie about German abuse
Britain and France promise to protect
Yet war close
Hitler invites P.M. Chamberlain and Edouarddaladier
-Hitler says last expansion
-3 sign the Munich Pact, Germany got Sudetenland, no bloodshed
Winston Churchill was political rival of Chamberlain
Signing of Munich Pact was apeasement
Sudetenland

7. Hitler~ Poland Non-aggression Pact Secret Pact
Spring 1939 Hitler prepares to invade Poland
Poland borders Soviet Union
Many German-speaking Polish
Germans being mistreated (LIE)
Invasion of Poland bring France and Britain in
Two-front-fight (Germany wanted to avoid)
August 23, 1939 Soviet Union and Germany signed the non-aggression pact
(secret pact) Soviet Union and Germany to divide up Poland
Soviet Union & Germany

8. Outbreak of War Invasion of Poland September 1st, 1939 Blitzkrieg
Beginning of the War!
September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland
Blitzkrieg
September 3, 1939 Britain and France declare war on Germany
Germany takes Poland in 3 weeks
Germany gets 2/3 of Poland
War begins
Outbreak of War

9. Waiting… Phony War?!?! Maginot Line Siegfried Line
Phony war after invasion
Maginot Line – France
Siegfried Line – Germany
Sitzkrieg Sitting War

10. The Fall of France Germans bypass Maginot Line Invade neutral Belgian
Went through Ardennes, area thought impassable by allies
French troops use taxi’s
Allies flee to Dunkirk, makeshift fleet carries 340,000 allied troops on June 17, 1940
June 24, 1940 France surrenders (French falls within week)

11. Soviet Union Annexation
Retake land lost in WWI
Easy:
Estonia
Lithuania
Latvia
Hard:
Finland
Begin take-back of land loss in WW1
Easy: Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia
Resistance: Finland
-taken after 3 months of hard-fighting
*Brief Demonstration (next slide)

12. Air Raids Summer 1940 Hidden Subways August 15, 1940 Morale stays HIGH
September 15, 1940
Many Germans though Britain would fall quickly
Summer 1940, Luftwaffe began bombing British Air Force bases in Aircraft Planes
Set sights, scare tactics
Destroyed much of Royal Air Force (RAF)
August 15, 1940, 1,000 of Hitler’s 2,600 bombarded Britain
British Morale High (Queen)
Hitler was to have said, "She is the most dangerous woman in Europe."
September 15, 1940, 56 German Air Craft are shot down by RAF
RAF lost 26
2 days later, Germany stops bombardment

13. America Prepares Itself
Ending Neutrality
“Cash and Carry”
Tripartite Pact
Lend Lease Act
Move away from Neutrality
September 8, 1939 special congress meeting, “Cash and Carry”
Help France and Britain
FDR best way to keep U.S. out of war
Isolationists believe opposite
In June, 1940 half a million rifles and 80,000 machine guns were given to British
Tripartite Pact Axis Powers
-Japan, Germany, Italy
-Tojo, Hitler, Mussolini
1941, Lend Lease Act
-replaced Cash and Carry
-lent goods to Britain, France, and Soviet Union
June 22, 1941 Hitler goes against non-aggression act
-thinks will take less than six weeks
-ends up taking six months
Pushed Back Russian Scorched Earth Policy
German Wolf Packs
1520 Submarines (U-Boats)
Atlantic Charter listed why WW2 was fought
-seek no territorial expansion
-pursue no territorial changes without the consent of the inhabitants
-respect the right of the people to choose their own form of government
-promote free trade among nations
-encourage international cooperation to improve people’s lives
-build a secure peace based on freedom from want and fear
-work for disarmament of aggressors
-establish a “permanent system of general security”

14. Pearl Harbor Attempt at Peace “This Means War” Surprise Attack
December 7th, 1941
Utah
Oklahoma
Arizona
Oglala
November 5, 1941 Peace Conference in Washington, Tojo made plans to attack the U.S.
December 6, 1941 Intercepted Japanese Message: “This means war”
December 7, 1941 Tojo commences attack on the United States at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
-Surprise attack, early in the morning
-180 Japanese Zero Fighters
-Attack ended at 9:30 in the morning
-Four ships were sunk; Utah, Arizona, Oklahoma and the Oglala
-19 ships were severely damaged
-350 planes were destroyed, 2,400 people were killed, 1,178 people were injured
December 7, 1941 After Pearl Harbor attacks, FDR declares war on Japan

15. Rush To Join Military Volunteers Draft WAAC Minorities efforts
5 million volunteers
Selective Service System (Draft) was implemented – ten million more were pulled for war
Total of 15 million people
1942 Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall pushed for Women’s Auxiliary Army Core
Bill passed on May 15, 1942 allowed 250,000 women to serve during WWII
Minorities: 33,000 Japanese Americans, 25,000 Native Americans (Wind Talkers) and 13,000 Chinese Americans

16. On the Home Front War time efforts Discrimination
Many factories turned to manufacturing war-time materials such as warheads, guns, tanks and many textile factories made boots and uniforms for soldiers
1945, 18 million American workers working in war-time industries
Still discrimination of African-Americans in war-time factories existed

17. Segregation of Japanese Americans
Japanese American Camps
Korematsu V. United States
Could this happen today?
Not trusted after events of Pearl Harbor
Early 1942, war department evacuated Japanese-Americans from Hawaii
37% of People in Hawaii were Japanese-Americans
-1% were put into camps
Many anti-Japanese newspaper writings
February 19, 1942 FDR signs off order of removal of Japanese Americans from California, Washington, Oregon, and Arizona
110,000 Japanese Americans were removed from their home
-2/3 of them were American Citizens

18. Pacific Theatre Japanese Plans Battle of Midway Avenging Pearl Harbor
June, 1942 Japanese wanted to take Midway, strategic island
Plan to take out the rest of the U.S. Navy in Hawaii
Admiral Chester Nimitz outnumbered 4:1 as Japanese moved closer to Midway, Nimitz launches a surprise attack on the Japanese force
Japanese official states that America had “avenged Pearl Harbor”

19. On the Eastern Front Germany’s Goals in the Soviet Union
Capture Oil Fields
Capture Stalingrad
Stalingrad
August 31, February 2, 1943
1.25 million Russians casualties
Germany 2 main objectives in the Soviet Union
-Capture Oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains
-Capture Stalingrad (Industrial Center) cut off Soviet Union movement
Stalingrad
German army closed in on Stalingrad mid-summer of 1942
Believed victory was within reach, Luftwaffe bombards Stalingrad on August 31, 1942 and destroys all wooden buildings in one night
“one night the flames were so bright that it was possible to read a newspaper from 40 miles away”
6 month battle, during the day Germans would push Soviet Union back a street or two, during night, the Soviets would reclaim them.
This was a Turning point for Allies aided by the Russian Winter
Millions of Russians died (est million)
91,000 Germans surrendered on Februrary 2, 1943

20. D-Day June 6, 1944 Northern France Paving the way to Paris
3 million American, Canadian, and British troops land on Normandy to attack the German forces
156,000 troops 4,000 landing craft, 60 war ships, 11,000 planes
-this was the largest land, sea, air operation in world history
Paratroopers were flown behind German forces to attack them from both sides
Within one month, one million troops had landed on these beaches
On July 25, 1944 air bombardments clear way for General George Patton to Paris
August 25, 1944 France is liberated

21. Battle of the Bulge December 16, 1944 Last offensive
120,000 German troops lost
December 16, 1944 Last German Offensive
Attempted to break through American Defenses
Lasted approximately one month
120,000 German troops died, 600 tanks and 1,600 planes are destroyed
“Nazi’s could do little but retreat”
Soviet Union takes Berlin, German’s surrender April 25, 1945
Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun, take their lives on April 30, 1945
On May 8, 1945 Germany surrenders to the Allied Powers

22. “Now I am become death the destroyer of worlds.”
The Manhattan Project
Atom Bomb
J. Robert Oppenheimer
“Now I am become death the destroyer of worlds.”
Began in 1942
Oppenheimer worked on bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico
Creation of Atomic Bomb, by J. Robert Oppenheimer, quoted as saying, “Now I am become Death, Destroyer of Worlds”

23. End of the War A-Bombs: Yalta Conference August 6, 1945 August 9, 1945
Hiroshima
Little Boy
August 9, 1945
Nagasaki
Fat Man
Yalta Conference
August 6, 1945
B29 bomber named Enola Gay drops A-Bomb (Little Boy) over Hiroshima
3 days later, second A-Bomb (Fat Man) drops over Nagasaki, estimated 200,000 people were killed
September 2, 1945 Formal Surrender of Japanese signed on Battleship Missouri in the Tokyo Bay
This marked end of the WWII
Yalta conference set out the provisions of what to do with the Axis Powers and Nazi Regime was dismantled
Nuremburg Trials: Nazi leaders were tried for war crimes, 12 of the 22 were sentenced to death and 200 of all Nazi soldiers were convicted of war crimes

24. References
Text
The Americans Reconstruction Through the 20th Century, McDougal Little Illinois ‘97
boards.history.com/topic/World-War-Ii/The-End-Of/
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