1. Historical Overview of European impact on Aboriginal culture and spirituality.

2. THE SETTLEMENT PERIOD

3. 1788 Culture Contact

4. 1788 Culture Contact Europeans brought a new dimension to the ‘World’ of the Aboriginal people. They saw Europeans as reincarnations of the dead from the spirit world.

5. 1788 Culture Contact Europeans brought a new dimension to the ‘World’ of the Aboriginal people. They saw Europeans as reincarnations of the dead from the spirit world. Governor Phillip attempted to foster good relations and to place Aboriginal people under the protection of British Law.

6. 1788 Culture Contact Europeans brought a new dimension to the ‘World’ of the Aboriginal people. They saw Europeans as reincarnations of the dead from the spirit world. Governor Phillip attempted to foster good relations and to place Aboriginal people under the protection of British Law. Settlers showed no interest in trying to understand the Aboriginal people. They believed them to be primitive, with no system of law or beliefs.

7. 1788 Culture Contact Europeans brought a new dimension to the ‘World’ of the Aboriginal people. They saw Europeans as reincarnations of the dead from the spirit world. Governor Phillip attempted to foster good relations and to place Aboriginal people under the protection of British Law. Settlers showed no interest in trying to understand the Aboriginal people. They believed them to be primitive, with no system of law or beliefs. 1789 Culture Conflict

8. 1788 Culture Contact Europeans brought a new dimension to the ‘World’ of the Aboriginal people. They saw Europeans as reincarnations of the dead from the spirit world. Governor Phillip attempted to foster good relations and to place Aboriginal people under the protection of British Law. Settlers showed no interest in trying to understand the Aboriginal people. They believed them to be primitive, with no system of law or beliefs. 1789 Culture Conflict Life for the Aboriginal Australians would never be the same again. Many misunderstandings due to cultural differences would be carried through to today.

9. 1788 Culture Contact Europeans brought a new dimension to the ‘World’ of the Aboriginal people. They saw Europeans as reincarnations of the dead from the spirit world. Governor Phillip attempted to foster good relations and to place Aboriginal people under the protection of British Law. Settlers showed no interest in trying to understand the Aboriginal people. They believed them to be primitive, with no system of law or beliefs. 1789 Culture Conflict Life for the Aboriginal Australians would never be the same again. Many misunderstandings due to cultural differences would be carried through to today. The Aboriginal people started to resist by fighting a guerrilla-type warfare.

10. 1800’s

11. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society

12. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters.

13. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation.

14. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem.

15. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out.

16. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas.

17. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land

18. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains.

19. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains. This caused spiritual, social and economic disintegration.

20. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains. This caused spiritual, social and economic disintegration. 1840’s to 1880 Pacification by Force

21. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains. This caused spiritual, social and economic disintegration. 1840’s to 1880 Pacification by Force This was a period of ‘Pacification by Force’. It wasn’t until 1870 that there was an increased awareness of the plight of the Aboriginal people, especially by anthropologists, who showed the intricacy of Aboriginal social and religious organisation.

22. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains. This caused spiritual, social and economic disintegration. 1840’s to 1880 Pacification by Force This was a period of ‘Pacification by Force’. It wasn’t until 1870 that there was an increased awareness of the plight of the Aboriginal people, especially by anthropologists, who showed the intricacy of Aboriginal social and religious organisation. 1880-1911 Protection Policies

23. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains. This caused spiritual, social and economic disintegration. 1840’s to 1880 Pacification by Force This was a period of ‘Pacification by Force’. It wasn’t until 1870 that there was an increased awareness of the plight of the Aboriginal people, especially by anthropologists, who showed the intricacy of Aboriginal social and religious organisation. 1880-1911 Protection Policies Policies were introduced in the different states during this time.

24. 1820’s The Beginning of Transitional Aboriginal Society During this time, around Sydney and Brisbane, many Aboriginal groups lost their independence and many became drifters. Many experienced malnutrition and starvation. Alcohol was already a major problem. Many groups died out. Miscegenation or mixing of races was occurring in the settled areas. 1830’s Dispossession of Land Aboriginal tribal/language groups, and the social bands which belonged to them, had lost great tracts of land due to the crossing of the Blue Mountains. This caused spiritual, social and economic disintegration. 1840’s to 1880 Pacification by Force This was a period of ‘Pacification by Force’. It wasn’t until 1870 that there was an increased awareness of the plight of the Aboriginal people, especially by anthropologists, who showed the intricacy of Aboriginal social and religious organisation. 1880-1911 Protection Policies Policies were introduced in the different states during this time. A result of the Protection Policies was the establishment of reserves. Aboriginal people lived in poverty with poor education and few employment opportunities. They became dependent on Governments, and on reserve and mission superintendents and administrators. Aborigines had no citizenship rights during this period.

25. 1900’s…

26. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action

27. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action The European view was that the only future for the Aboriginal people was to be “Europeanised”. The policy, if effective, would mean the eventual disappearance of traditional Aboriginal lifestyle.

28. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action The European view was that the only future for the Aboriginal people was to be “Europeanised”. The policy, if effective, would mean the eventual disappearance of traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. 1970’s Traditional life strongholds and outstation movement

29. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action The European view was that the only future for the Aboriginal people was to be “Europeanised”. The policy, if effective, would mean the eventual disappearance of traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. 1970’s Traditional life strongholds and outstation movement This movement was working towards the strengthening of traditional life strongholds.

30. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action The European view was that the only future for the Aboriginal people was to be “Europeanised”. The policy, if effective, would mean the eventual disappearance of traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. 1970’s Traditional life strongholds and outstation movement This movement was working towards the strengthening of traditional life strongholds. There was also the development of the outstation movement in the north with Aboriginal people leaving larger settlements on reserves in favour of smaller centres. This “homeland” movement occurred in Arnhem Land, the Western Desert, and the north of Western Australia.

31. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action The European view was that the only future for the Aboriginal people was to be “Europeanised”. The policy, if effective, would mean the eventual disappearance of traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. 1970’s Traditional life strongholds and outstation movement This movement was working towards the strengthening of traditional life strongholds. There was also the development of the outstation movement in the north with Aboriginal people leaving larger settlements on reserves in favour of smaller centres. This “homeland” movement occurred in Arnhem Land, the Western Desert, and the north of Western Australia. To the Future

32. 1940’s and 50’s Assimilation in Action The European view was that the only future for the Aboriginal people was to be “Europeanised”. The policy, if effective, would mean the eventual disappearance of traditional Aboriginal lifestyle. 1970’s Traditional life strongholds and outstation movement This movement was working towards the strengthening of traditional life strongholds. There was also the development of the outstation movement in the north with Aboriginal people leaving larger settlements on reserves in favour of smaller centres. This “homeland” movement occurred in Arnhem Land, the Western Desert, and the north of Western Australia. To the FutureThere is a contemporary cultural revival in Aboriginal Australia including the revival of Aboriginal languages. (Exerpts from Aboriginal Australians: A Preliminary Chronology, Support Document No. 3, Aboriginal Education Unit, 1982.)