1. 19.3: The War Winds Down Protest, protest, and more protest!

2. I.Nixon Moves to End the War

3. A. Henry Kissinger a.National Security Advisor b.Linkage policy – improve relations w/SU and China so as to reduce aid to Vietnam c.Main negotiator w/N.Vietnam d.Nobel Peace Prize winners 1973 Le Duc Tho

4. B. Vietnamization 1.Letting the Vietnamese take a more active role by withdrawing US troops… 2.But, secretly bombs Cambodia 3.Silent majority: mainstream Americans who quietly supported the president’s strategy

5. C. My Lai Massacre (11/69) Lt. Wm Calley 

6. D. Invasion of Cambodia (4/70) 1.Destroy supply centers and Ho Chi Minh trail without Congress’s approval 2.School protests increase! a.Kent State – 4 killed b.Jackson State -2 killed 3.Gulf Tonkin Resolution repealed (’70) 4.War Powers Act (’73) …

8. 4. War Powers Act- – President must inform congress within 48 hours if US forces are sent into a hostile area without a declaration of war – Troops may not stay longer than 90 days unless congress approves

9. E. Pentagon Papers (6/71) 1.Continued to expand war w/o Congress consent 2.Pres. Johnson was not honest with Americans 3.Gov’t continues to lose credibility Daniel Ellsberg

10. F. Election of 1972 George McGovern (Dem) Landslide victoryw/60% of popular vote! Richard Nixon (R)

11. G. Christmas Bombings (’72) 1. Dec. 1972: peace negotiations break down = “Christmas bombings” (11 days of bombing to resume peace talks stopping only on Christmas day) 2. Jan. 27, 1973 = agreement reached; by March all soldiers gone

12. H.Fall of Siagon 1.By April 1975, Southern Vietnam falls to Northern forces. 2.Congress does not approve help.

13. II. The Legacy of Vietnam

14. A. Human toll 1. >58,000 dead 2. >300,000 injured 3. 15% (450,000) PTSD, suicides, addicts 4. POW/MIA 5. no parades; hostiles 6. $170 Billion on war 1982: Vietnam Veterans Memorial

16. **************************** 2. Continued Fighting in SE Asia a.Vietnam i. Reeducation ii. boat people b.Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge i. Communist group who opposed capitalism ii. Wanted a peasant society iii. End up killing over 2 million Cambodians