2. Damage Overview

3. Overall damages assessment Environment Productive Social Infrastructure Total Damage

4. Contents Avoid double accounting Addition of damages and losses Determing magnitude of disaster Focalization on most affected sectors, geographical areas, vulnerable groups

5. Possible duplications  Agriculture, Livestock and Fishery losses to be measured at prices paid to farmers; not at wholesale or retail prices  Water supply and sanitation damage and losses to be estimated separately from Human Settlements sector  Farm roads to be included in Agriculture and Livestock sector; not in transport  Tourism sector should not include damage to roads or other transport infrastructure and assets  Damage to lands and soils to be included in Agriculture sector and also in Environment, but should not be added to ascertain total damages  Solution: Coordination of results among assesment specialists and care during total damage assessment

6. Total disaster damage  Addition of sectoral direct and indirect effects  Minus any possible duplications between sectoral estimates  Only damages and losses that can be measured in terms of national accounts should be included

7. Total estimated damage, million US$ Sector and subsectorDirect Damages Indirect Losses Total Damages Social Sectors Education and Culture Health Housing and Human Settlm´ts 496 190 56 250 120 20 16 84 617 211 72 334 Infraestructure Electricity Water and Sanitation Transport 97 3 19 75 375 13 4 358 472 16 23 433 Productive Sectors Agriculture and Livestock Industry and Commerce 244 39 205 96 55 41 339 93 246 Environment1021103 Other losses--73 Total9396651,604

8. Gross and net amount of damages Any expected insurance refunds must be deducted from total damages in order to arrive at a net amount of damages Any expected reinsurance payments from abroad must be taken into consideration for the analysis of external sector

9. The costs of reconstruction Replacement of lost or damaged assets must be made at present construction or purchase price of goods In addition, the cost of preventive and mitigation works and measures must be included to reduce future damages The cost of reconstruction does not include production losses, nor the increased expenses and/or decreased revenues in the provision of services It should include the cost for economic reactivation when necessary

10. The magnitude of the disaster Total amount of damages versus GDP Production losses versus GDP or national exports Lost assets versus annual rate of gross capital formation Lost assets versus construction sector GDP Lost assets versus national debt Per capita damages

11. Comparison of recent disasters 6197 7545 29500 3237 6018

12. Comparison of magnitudes 1.4 3.6 0.4 3.3 13.2 Total Damage vs GDP, %

13. Comparison of selected disasters Total damage/GDP, %

14. Breakdown of total damages Direct damages Indirect losses Damage to assets Damage to production Increased costs and decreased revenues Public sector Private sector

15. El Salvador: breakdown of damages and losses

16. Spatial distribution of damage Use of special software to determine the spatial or geographical distribution of damages Enables the definition of most affected geographical areas or regions that deserve priority in reconstruction

17. 1,533 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DAMAGES EL SALVADOR EARTHQUAKES, 2001 Damage per capita, US$/inhabitant

18. 57% 31% 22% 19% Spatial distribution of per capita damage to GDP

19. Human development index in 1999

20. Human development after the disaster

21. Most affected single sectors

22. Identification of the effects on vulnerable sectors/groups The analysis provides means to identify the most affected sectors, and population groups Use may be made of per capita damage estimates in comparison to per capita income maps

23. Most affected population groups

24. Loss of assets Damage to production Building sector capacity Increased costs Decreased revenue Reconstruction programme Amount required Public/Private Length Loan conditions Macro-economic performance GDP External sector Public sector finances Effect on prices Domestic ability to undertake Reconstruction, or Need for International Cooperation Use of broken down results to define future actions

25. rjovel@telesal.net