1. Lesson 3.1: Water Properties
*Refer to Chapter 8 in your Textbook

2. Learning Goals: I can explain how water molecules bond.
I can identify the various properties of water.
I can differentiate between acids and bases.

3. Atom Atoms are the smallest component of an element
The subatomic particles that
make up atoms are:
protons
neutrons
electrons

4. Molecule
Molecules are formed when 2 or more atoms are joined by covalent bonds
Example: H2O

5. Polar Covalent Bond:
Polar Covalent Bonds occur when two elements share electrons, but they are not shared equally

6. Hydrogen Bonding
Hydrogen bonding is an attraction between water molecules

7. Cohesion
Cohesion is the property of water making it attracted to other water molecules via hydrogen bonding
(Example: water poors out of a
glass in a continuous flow
because the molecules are
sticking together)

8. Adhesion
Adhesion is the property of water causing an attraction between water and a different substance
(Example: water sticks to the window when it rains)

9. Surface Tension:
Surface Tension is the property of water causing it to be elastic
(Example: A bug can walk on water)

10. Capillary Action:
Capillary Action is the movement of water through small spaces due to the forces from cohesion, adhesion, and surface tension
(Example: Water travels from
a plant’s roots to its leaves)

11. Temperature Boiling Point: Heat Capacity: Fresh water = 212oF/100oC
Salt water = oF/102oC
Heat Capacity:
Water has the ability to regulate temperature (prevent major changes)
It requires a large amount of energy to increase the temperature of water

12. Temperature Freezing Point: Freezing: Fresh water = 32oF/0oC
Salt water = 28oF/-2oC
Freezing:
Water expands upon freezing
Ice floats because it’s less dense

13. Density Density = mass / volume Density of water = 1 g/cm3
The heavier an object, the greater the volume for an object to float

14. Density and Marine Organisms

16. Acids & Bases
Acids:
produces H+ ions
Base:
produces OH- ions

17. pH Scale Acids: Lower on the pH scale (0-6)
Bases: Higher on the pH scale (8-14)
Freshwater pH = 7
Seawater pH = 8