1. P1 – Describe the Structure & Function of the Skeletal System Unit 1 – Principles of Anatomy & Physiology in Sport

2. The Skeletal System Consists of 206 bones Bones = living tissue, constantly adapting to stresses placed on them Split into Axial & Appendicular skeleton Has different types of bones Has a number of functions Bones meet together at joints

3. Cranium Mandible Sternum Rib Vertebral Column Pelvis Sacrum Coccyx Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals PhalangesFemur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Ischium

4. Cranium – box like structure brain sits inside protects the brain made up of a number of different bones bones fuse together between 1-3 yrs old Mandible – jaw bone Sternum – breast bone long, flat bone centre of chest

5. Ribs – long, flat bones 12 pairs 1 st 7 pairs attached to sternum other 5 pairs called false ribs Pelvis – made up of 2 sets of 3 bones Ilium – upper wing like bones, provides the sockets for the hip bones, upper edge = iliac crest Pubis – pubic bone, front of the pelvis Ischium – lower, posterior bones, sitting bones

6. Clavicle – collar bone long, thin bone makes up the anterior (front) of the shoulder girdle is a strong, mobile attachment for arms Scapula – large, triangle shape back (posterior) part of shoulder girdle Humerus – long bone, upper arm proximal head = shoulder joint distal end = elbow joint

7. Ulna – Forearm little finger side Radius – forearm thumb side moves around ulna when turning hand Carpals – 8 short bones wrist 2 rows of 4 Metacarpals – 5 long bones palm of the hand run from the carpals to each finger & thumb

8. Phalanges – small long bones fingers & toes 3 in each finger & toes 2 in each thumb & big toe Femur – thigh bone longest & strongest top (proximal end) sits in socket of pelvis bottom (distal end) forms the knee joint Patella – kneecap large, triangle shaped sesamoid bone sits inside the quadriceps tendon protects knee joint

9. Tibia – shin bone medial, thicker bone proximal end = knee joint with femur distal end = ankle joint Fibula – lateral, thinner bone non weight bearing distal end = ankle joint Tarsals – 7 bones (ankle) Metatarsals – 5 foot bones

10. Skeletal System Information Appendicular System 126 bones Axial System 80 bones

11. Appendicular System 126 bones Upper body Lower body Clavicle = collar bone Pelvis = 2 x 3 bones Scapula = Shoulder blade Femur = Thigh Humerus = upper arm Patella = Kneecap Radius = to the thumb Tibia = Shin Ulna = to the little finger Fibular = Outside/ankle Carpals = wrist Tarsals = under ankle Metacarpals = hand Metatarsals = Foot Phalanges = fingers Phalanges = Toes Axial System 80 bones Skull = 28 bones Hyoid Sternum Ribs = 12 pairs Vertebral Column = 33 vertebrae

12. Vertebral Column 33 Bones – 5 Sections C 1 - 7 T 1 - 12 L 1 - 5 S 1 - 5 Coccyx 1 - 4

13. Vertebral Column Spine 33 irregular bones Approx 40% of your height Very small movement between each vertebrae Lots of movement of spine altogether

14. Bones Living tissue = grow during childhood Bleed & hurt if damaged Able to repair if broken Ossification – a hardening process that takes place when bones mature. Makes bones solid structures that can withstand a lot of pressure/stresses. Collagen = resilience Calcium = strength

15. Types of Bones F.L.I.S.S. F L I S latProtectionScapula, sternum, ribs, pelvis ongMovementFemur, humorus, tibia rregularShapeVertebrae, facial bones hortCube shapedCarpals, tarsals esamoidInside a tendonPatella