2. INTRODUCTION TO : ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

3. ANATOMY: Ana = UP - TOME = CUTTING  Study of the structure of the body Gross  Microscopic  Cytology  Histology

4. Physiology. Study of how body functions Cellular physiology Pathophysiology

5.  Form always dictates function

6. Specialty Areas  Surface anatomy  Cytology  Embryology  Immunology  Pharmacology

7. Levels Of Organization: 6 Levels J Chemical level J Cell J Tissues / membranes J Organs

8. J Systems J Total organism  Y o u !!!!  From simple to complex

11. Characteristics Of Life: J Metabolism J Irritability J Contractility J Growth J Reproduction

12. Homeostasis  “HOMEO-” = same  “-Stasis” = staying  Dynamic equilibrium needed to sustain life  Inner balance

13. Feedback System:  Stressor : anything that disrupts “ H ”  Body works to correct imbalance

14. Negative Feedback  Once problem is corrected….  Body works to return things  to normal

15. Body Systems Controlling “ H ”  Nervous  Endocrine

16. Anatomical Terms  Anatomical position  Body directions  Superior  Inferior

17.  Anterior / ventral  Posterior / dorsal  Medial  Lateral  Proximal  Distal

18.  Superficial  Deep  Visceral  Parietal  Central  Peripheral

19.  Cranial  Caudal  Internal  External

20. Directional Terms  Flexion  Extension  Rotation  Abduction  Adduction

21.  Supination  Pronation  Inversion  Eversion

22. Body Planes è Imaginary lines thru the body è SAGITTAL : divides body into right & left portions  MIDSAGITTAL

23. è Transverse : divides body : top & bottom è Frontal : divides into front & back

24. BODY CAVITIES :  HOLLOW SPACES THAT CONTAIN ORGANS  2 MAIN CAVITIES :  DORSAL & VENTRAL

27.  Dorsal:  Cranial cavity:  Contains brain  Spinal cavity:  Contains spinal cord  Ventral:  Thoracic : contains heart, lungs, trachea

28.  Superior to abdominal cavity  Abdominal cavity  Contains stomach, liver, intestines  Pelvic cavity :  Contains bladder, reproductive organs

29. Abdominal Regions  Used to describe location of organs or pain  4 quadrants :  RUQ / RLQ  LUQ / LLQ

31. 9 Regions :  3 central regions :  Epigastric  Umbilical  Hypogastric

32.  Right Hypo-chondriac  Left Hypo-chondriac  Right lumbar  Left lumbar  Right iliac or inguinal  Left iliac or inguinal

34. Body Regions  Axial :  Head, neck & trunk  Appendicular:  Extremities  Torso : thorax, abdomen, pelvis

35.  Antecubital  Axillary  Cephalic  Cervical  Costal  Cranial  Inguinal

36. Anatomical Terminology  Prefixes:  Ab-  Ad-  Alg-  Arth-  Bio-  Brachi-

37.  Cardi-  Chole-  Contra-  Cyst-  Cyto-

38. Suffixes:  -Algia  -Asis  -Asthenia  -Blast  -Cele  -Cid

39.  -Clysis  -Coccus  -Cyte  -Ectasis  -Ectomy  -Emia