1. POPULATION The set of all things or people being studied A group of people you want information about Examples – All the students of Fairwind – All the students of 806 and 808 – All the salmon in Lake Ontario – All Canadians

2. CENSUS A method to collect data where ALL people in the population are surveyed Governments conduct censuses to ensure they get information about ALL citizens If you were to ask all classmates about their favourite movie, it would be a census

3. SAMPLE A PART of a population that is studied or surveyed Provides information about the entire population Should be representative (have qualities of the whole population) in order to have valid results

4. SURVEY A method of collecting data where people are asked questions Usually only asked to a sample of a population A valid survey is one where the results are good because the sample chosen and the method of asking questions are UNBIASED

5. BIAS UNFAIR When a question is worded such that a particular answer is favoured When a surveying method is chosen that unfairly represents the population Leads to INVALID results

6. UNBIASED FAIR Leads to VALID results Proper sampling methods were used Proper questions were used

7. TREND A pattern or sequence Trend up (generally heading up) Trend down (generally heading lower) Trend can be even (staying the same) EX: – Climate change is an upward trend in average temperature – The use of CDs is on a downward trend

8. INTERVAL Continuous data should be sorted into intervals in order to be shown on a histogram Ages of a population can be grouped by 10s – 0-9 – 10-19 – 20-29 – 30-39

9. SCALE The numbers on the axes of a graph Should count up by the same amount each time (by 2s, 3s, or 10s, for example)

10. MEAN

11. MEDIAN

12. MODE

13. CATEGORICAL DATA Data that can be arranged into categories Colours Gender (male or female) Types of something (flavours, fruit, sports…) Favourite ‘something’ (movie, song, artist…) Bar graphs are ideal

14. DISCRETE DATA Data that can only be specific values Data is counted Class sizes can only be whole numbers (you can’t have 22.5 students) Shoe sizes - only whole and half sizes Number of phone calls Number of children in a family Number of languages one speaks Bar graphs are ideal Scatterplots can compare two types of discrete sets

15. CONTINUOUS DATA Data can have any value Often measurements of: – Height, Length, Width – Ages – Times – Temperatures Histograms are ideal

16. PRIMARY DATA Data collected by yourself You have collected the data through: – Recording observations – Recording experiment data – Surveys you created – A census you created

17. SECONDARY DATA Data or information NOT collected by you Data collected by others Includes data from – Published books – Internet – Published graphs and charts provided by your teacher

18. Justify: prove it! Interpret: What do you see? What does the data mean? Conclude (make conclusions): What are facts from the data? Outlier: one piece of data that is MUCH greater or MUCH less than all others

19. SCATTERPLOTS

20. HISTOGRAMS

21. FREQUENCY TABLES

22. BAR GRAPH

23. CIRCLE GRAPH

24. LINE GRAPH Good for showing change over time