1. Essential reading: SPINČIĆ, A., PRITCHARD, B, An English Textbook For Marine Engineers 2, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2009. LUZER, J., SPINČIĆ, A., Gramatička vježbenica engleskog jezika za pomorce, Pomorski fakultet, Rijeka 2003.

2. REVIEW

3. 1.TO REVERSE – 2.THE PITTING – 3.THE TURBOCHARGED ENGINE – 4.THE INTEGRAL CAMS – 5.THE CLEARANCE – 6.THE INJECTOR – 7.THE FOUR-STROKE ENGINE – 8.THE INTERCOOLER – 9.TO CARRY OUT – Exercise 1 – Give short definitions of the following terms:

4. Inlet and exhaust valve seats become damaged during the operation and from time to time they have to be reconditioned by grinding-in. This is required much more often in the case of the exhaust valves because they operate at higher temperatures and because the gases flowing through may contain particles of carbon matter. These occasionally get trapped under the valve seat and cause pitting. The life of an exhaust valve between reconditioning can be extended if the thermal loads to which it is subjected can be evenly distributed around the valve. This is accomplished by rotating the valves slowly as the engine is working. The rotator which carries out this movement indexes the valve round a small amount every time it is operated by the rocker gear. In more recent designs, the exhaust valves are rotated by the vanes fitted to the stem and driven by the gases expelled from the cylinder. Exercise 2 – Translate into Croatian:

5. 1.Trenje na površini ležaja je povećano jer je odabrano pogrešno mazivo. 2.Budući da je posljednji autobus bio otišao, morali smo doma pješke. 3.Ventili su smješteni u kućište tako da se mogu skinuti bez demontiranja glave cilindra. 4.Upravitelj stroja kaže da se glavni stroj mora uputiti za pola sata. 5.Da li je B&W izrađivao dvotaktne jednoradne motore s uzdužnim ispiranjem? 6.Da li je impeler kompresora smješten na istu osovinu kao i rotor turbine? 7.Nismo uspjeli smanjiti vibracije jer novi sustav ne funkcionira. 8.Dok zrak teče kroz difuzor, njegova brzina pada i pretvara se u tlak. 9.Bitno je osigurati da su ležajevi koji nose koljeničasto vratilo dobro centrirani. Exercise 3 – Translate into English:

6. Example:Everybody know that the captain lied.knows a)In two-cycle engines the camshaft makes one complete revolution while the crankshaft makes two. b)B&W 662-WF/40 double-acting engine has been installed in 1929 in the America. c)Push rods are arranged to drive the camshaft for opening the inlet and exhaust valves. d)He wants to know if english is spoken in every port of call. e)Reversing is carried on much easier in two-stroke engines. Exercise 4 – Underline the mistake in each sentence and correct it:

7. Exercise 5 – Connect the following sentences by establishing CAUSE – RESULT relationship: 1.The bolts have not been accurately tightened. The flange leaks. 2.The friction in bearing surfaces increases. The wrong lubricant was chosen. 3.The temperature rose. The cooling of the engine was poor. 4.The Engine Cadet had very little training. His work was not quite satisfactory. 5.The needle lifts of its seat. The upward force on the needle exceeds the force of the compressed ring.

8. Exercise 6 – Connect the following sentences by introducing the AGENT / MEANS: by, by way of, by means of, with the help of, with the assistance of, with + noun... a)In many engines the side thrust on the push rod is prevented. A hinged follower is used. b)An even distribution of thermal loads is accomplished. The valves slowly rotate as the engine is working. c)The bending of the crankshaft can be measured. The bearings can be aligned. d)The reconditioning of the valves can be effected. Grinding machines are used. e)The new technology has been introduced. The safety in the engine room has been greatly improved.