1.  Bellwork: Please take out your notebook and a pen or a pencil.  Want to volunteer for Current Event?  Food Drive items?

2.  How would you describe this painting?  What is going on?  What are the people doing? "Siege of Jerusalem during the First Crusade." Photos/Illustrations. The British Library. World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2015. Web. 23 Oct. 2015.

3.  Major religious cities  Constantinople – most important for Greek Orthodox in the East  Rome – most important for Roman Catholics in the West  Jerusalem – important to three major religions ▪ Judaism – known as Zion (God’s own city) ▪ Christianity – location where Jesus was crucified and resurrected ▪ Islam – third “holy city” behind Mecca and Medina

5.  Arab Muslims took control of Jerusalem and Palestine  However, they still allowed Christians to travel freely to Jerusalem for religious/personal reasons

6.  Seljuk Turks took control of Jerusalem  Seljuk Turks were warlike people who converted to Islam ▪ Over time, the Christian pilgrimage to Jerusalem became increasingly dangerous ▪ Seljuk Turks began to threaten the Byzantine Empire

7.  Byzantine Emperor Alexis I asked Pope Urban II for help (to try to save the Byzantine Empire from the Seljuk Turks)  There was motivation to reunite the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox church again  Fighting the Seljuk Turks could be profitable – could reclaim land from them  Pope Urban II claimed that God spoke to him and told him to go to battle and to kill for control of the “holy land” – “Dues Vult” became the battle cry (means “God wills it”

9.  Byzantine Empire faced a series of attacks  Byzantine Emperor Alexius I asked Pope Urban II for help  Together they could reunite the East and West under one Christian Empire  Could gain territory and wealth  Dues Vult! God wills it.

10.  Christians took up arms and launched the first of nine crusades – heading east toward the holy land  Peasants and nobility fought  Took provisions from the land as they crossed it  Killed non-Christians along the way  Three crusader armies met up in Constantinople and marched to Jerusalem together  Crusaders reached Jerusalem, and after a two month siege, Jerusalem fell ▪ Crusaders killed many Muslim and Jewish inhabitants

12.  What were the outcomes of the 1 st Crusade?

13.  Turks capture Edessa in Greece and use it as a staging zone to launch future attacks  There were no decisive victories in the 2 nd Crusade

14.  Turkish General Saladin practiced jihad  Invaded Palestine and Jerusalem  Won back the true cross and the Church of the Holy Sepulcher  Christians led by  King Richard the Lionhearted of England  Philip Augustus of France  Frederick Barbarossa of Germany  Ended in a truce between Saladin and Richard who couldn’t afford any more losses  Turks got Jerusalem  Christians got cities along the Mediterranean

17.  For the West  Unsuccessful in taking back Christian lands  Helped break down feudalism and strengthen monarchies in Europe  Increased trade in the Mediterranean led to exchange of ideas, goods and technology (setting the stage for the Renaissance)

18.  United Muslims against a common enemy  Crusades deeply rooted in Islamic history – some historian believe that the Crusades are still continuing today  Legacy of distrust

19. Crusades

20.  1. Number the paragraphs  2. Circle key ideas, names of people and places, and dates.  3. Highlight or box unfamiliar words.  4. Underline the main point or other relevant information.

21.  Using the Document, choose one of the following activities:  Write an editorial about the Massacre at Acre from the point of view of a supporter of Saladin or a supporter of King Richard.  Create a propaganda poster from the point of view of a supporter of Saladin or a supporter of King Richard.