1. Audio/Video compression Recent progress Alain Bouffioux December, 20, 2006

2. AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 2 Agenda Digital cinema 3D-television High-definition television and DVD

3. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 3 Agenda Digital cinema 3D-television High-definition television and DVD

4. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 4 Introduction 2002 – Digital cinema initiative created by 7 studios 2006 – First standardized (non-proprietary) trial Advantages of digital cinema –Higher quality image –No deterioration with time (scratches, dirt…) –Possibility of 3-D offering (need to carry glasses with polarized lenses) Passive: one lens polarized in one direction, the other one in the other one (cheap lenses but special screen for keeping polarization of reflected light) Active: lenses are switched on/off by an infrared signal (normal screen but need to collect and wash the lenses at the end of the projection) –Ease of copy and distribution (satellite or hard-disk drive via truck) –Possibility of new applications: football match or concert in real-time 3D rendering

5. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 5 About the digital cinema standard Some numbers; –Film still shot on 35-mm film –After capture and digitization: about 5000 Terabytes –Final uncompressed movie: some terabytes –After compression: about 300 Gigabytes The standard –Resolution: equivalent to 35 mm film Minimum resolution: 2048 * 1080 (called 2K) Other resolution: 4096 * 2160 (called 4K) –16 bits per color/48 bits per pixels –Video compression: Not MPEG-2 to avoid motion artifact  JPEG2000 – each frame encoded individually (no removal of intra- frame redundancy, wavelet transform) – Audio compression: “uncompressed” CD-quality

6. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 6 System workflow (From Digital Cinema System specification v1.0, www.dcimovies.com)

7. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 7 Agenda Digital cinema 3D-television High-definition television and DVD

8. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 8 3D-television (1/2) 3D-television without wearing glasses is possible. The television screen is covered with small lenses. Each eye sees other parts of the television screen and perceives other images. When the two images are stereoscopic views of the same scene, a 3D- experience is provided. 3D content is needed 3D content may be provided from traditional film after processing. Depth information may be computed when the camera is moving. Depth information encoding within MPEG stream currently under definition.

9. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 9 3D-television (2/2) 2D-to-3D conversion may occur in real-time.  3-D television possible with 2D-content and processing within television set. But, problem when hidden surface becoming visible (no depth information) 2D-to-3D conversion off-line Film may be processed in both directions (begin-to-end and end-to- begin) to solve the problem of hidden surface becoming visible. Depth information is then stored in MPEG stream.

10. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 10 Agenda Digital cinema 3D-television High-definition television and DVD

11. December, 20, 2006 AV Compression / Alain Bouffioux 11 Two competing format: Blue-ray and HD-DVD format Some readers equipped with both formats Blue-laser for both but different wavelength Blue-Ray (25Mbps) versus HD-DVD (15 Mbps) Blue-ray versus HD-DVD

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