1. Module 30 Introduction to Intelligence Worth Publishers

2. Origins of Intelligence Testing  Intelligence Test  a method of assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them to those of others, using numerical scores

3. What is Intelligence?  Intelligence  ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

4.  In research studies, intelligence has been whatever intelligence tests measure, which historically has tended to be school smarts.  Two controversies remain: 1.Is intelligence a single overall ability or several specific abilities? 2.With the tools neuroscience now offers, can we locate and measure intelligence within the brain? What is Intelligence?

5. What is Intelligence? Factor-Analysis Approach  Factor Analysis  statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test (do well on vocab. items often do well on paragraph comprehension)  used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score  General Intelligence (g)  factor that Spearman and others believed underlies specific mental abilities  measured by every task on an intelligence test – been used to predict job perf. and occ. status

6. Are There Multiple Intelligences? Contemporary Intelligence Theories  Howard Gardner – Multiple Intelligences (8)  Argues that we do not have an intelligence, but instead have multiple intelligences, each relatively independent of the others  Savant Syndrome  condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill (4 in 5 savants are males)  computation, drawing

7.  Howard Gardner – Mult. Intelligences (8)  Argues that there are eight of these independent intelligences LinguisticLogical-Mathematical MusicalBodily-Kinesthetic SpatialInterpersonal IntrapersonalNaturalist  Critics question whether each intelligence should carry equal weight when considering one’s intelligence Are There Multiple Intelligences?

8. Robert Sternberg – Three Aspects of Intelligence  Analytical (academic/problem-solving) Intelligence – assessed by intelligence tests  Creative Intelligence – demonstrated by reacting adaptively to novel situation and generating novel ideas  Practical Intelligence – often required for everyday tasks, which are freq. ill-defined, with multiple solutions Are There Multiple Intelligences?

9.  Social Intelligence  the know-how involved in comprehending social situations and managing oneself successfully  Emotional Intelligence  ability to perceive, express, understand, and regulate emotions  Suggested that these individuals will succeed in careers, marriages, parenting

10.  Question –  Can we test these intelligences and how?  Do these concepts stretch intelligence too far? Should we include these intelligences with analytical intelligence? Are There Multiple Intelligences?

11. Intelligence and Creativity Is creativity linked to intelligence?  Creativity  the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas  expertise  imaginative thinking skills  venturesome personality  intrinsic motivation  creative environment

12.  Could brain size, structure, or functioning explain differences in intelligence?  Brain size  Brain function  Processing Speed  Perceptual Speed (taking in information)  Neurological Speed (registering stimulus) Brain Function and Intelligence

13.  People who can perceive the stimulus very quickly tend to score somewhat higher on intelligence tests Stimulus Mask Question: Long side on left or right?