2. Chapter 6 section 3

3. KEY TERMS: 1.Contract Labor Act 1864 2.Piecework 3.Sweatshop 4.Division of Labor KEY PEOPLE: 1. Frederick Winslow Taylor Chapter 6 section 3 (Sig)

4. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS 1.What factors led to a growing American work force between 1860 and 1900? 2.What was factory work like at the turn of the century? 3. Why was it necessary for entire families to work? THE BIG IDEA Industry relied on its laborers, who worked in low-paying, unskilled jobs and often in unsafe factories. Chapter 6 section 3

5. Average Shirtwaist Worker’s Week 51 hours or less4,5545% 52-57 hours65,03379% 58-63 hours12,21115% Over 63 hours5621% Total employees, men and women 82,360

7. Another Struggling Immigrant Family

8. A Struggling Immigrant Family

38. Out of the Ashes ÔILGWU membership surged. ÔNYC created a Bureau of Fire Prevention. ÔNew strict building codes were passed. ÔTougher fire inspection of sweatshops. ÔGrowing momentum of support for women’s suffrage.

39. The Foundations Were Laid for the New Deal Here in 1911 ÔAl Smith ran unsuccessfully in 1928 on many of the reform programs that would be successful for another New Yorker 4 years later – FDR. ÔIn the 1930s, the federal government created OSHA [the Occupational Safety & Health Administration]. ÔThe Wagner Act. ÔFrancis Perkins  first female Cabinet member [Secretary of Labor] in FDR’s administration.

42. Bibliography Ô Davis, Hadley. “Reform and the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire.” Concord Review womenshistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/ offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww. tcr.org%2Ftriangle.htmlwomenshistory.about.com/gi/dynamic/offsite.htm?site=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcr.org%2Ftriangle.html Ô “Famous Trials: The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Trial - 1911.” www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ triangle/trianglefire.htmlwww.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglefire.html Ô “The Triangle Fire.” www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/www.ilr.cornell.edu/trianglefire/

43. Effects of Industrialization Negative Effects Positive EffectsEvent The Growing Work Force 1. 14 million immigrants come to the U.S. to find work 2. Plentiful work in factories lured farmers to cities. 1. Ample supply of workers drives wages down; whole families forced to work. Factory Work 1. 2. 3. Increasing Efficiency 1.

44. Effects of Industrialization Negative Effects Positive EffectsEvent The Growing Work Force 1. 14 million immigrants come to the U.S. to find work 2. Plentiful work in factories lured farmers to cities. 1. Ample supply of workers drives wages down; whole families forced to work. Factory Work 1. To increase worker productivity & profits. 1. Laborers – 12 hr. a day, six days a week. 2. Piecework 3. Sweatshop – long hrs., low wages & poor working conditions. Increasing Efficiency 1. Increased speed of machines or gave workers more work.

45. Effects of Industrialization Negative Effects Positive EffectsEvent Increasing Efficiency 2. 3. The Division of Labor 1. 2. The Work Environment 1. 2. 3.

46. Effects of Industrialization Negative Effects Positive EffectsEvent Increasing Efficiency 2. Led to layoffs. 3. Workers felt owners had too much control over their work. The Division of Labor 1. The division of labor into separate tasks proved to be efficient. 1. Took much of the joy out of work. 2. Workers viewed as interchangeable parts. The Work Environment 1. Factory work offered higher pay & more opportunities. 1. Workers ruled by the clock. 2. Discipline was strict. 3. Unsafe – noise-deafening lighting & ventilation poor

47. Effects of Industrialization Negative Effects Positive EffectsEvent The Work Environment 4. Working Families 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

48. Effects of Industrialization Negative Effects Positive EffectsEvent The Work Environment 4. Fatigue, faulty equipment & careless training resulted in fires & accidents. Working Families 1. Child labor came under attack in 1890s & 1900s prompting state child labor laws. 1. Children became stunted in body & mind. 2. Nearly 1 in 5 children betw/ 10 & 16 employed. 3. Children left school at 12 or 13 to work. 4. Girls work – Boys school 5. Parent can’t work, children as young as 6/7 went to work 6. Gov’t did not provide public assistance. 7. Social Darwinism- poverty is from personal weakness 8. Offering relief to unemployed would encourage idleness.

49. Effects of Industrialization Negative EffectsPositive Effects Event

50. Effects of Industrialization Negative EffectsPositive Effects Event