2. Amphibians

3. Classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrates Class: Amphibians Examples- frogs, toads, salamanders newts

4. The Link Amphibians-link between aquatic fish & terrestrial reptile animals. Have adaptations to move habitat from water to land “Amphibian” means “double life”

5. Aquatic Ties Larvae Gills Tails Algae eaters Herbivores Moist skin Will suffocate if can’t get rid of CO 2 Adult Must lay eggs in H 2 O Lack outer shell

6. Costa Rica-Tree Frog Eggs

7. Terrestrial Ties Adults Lungs + Moist skin Legs Carnivores Insects/amphibians More efficient heart

8. Evolution of an Amphibian 360 million years ago Evolved from lobed-fin fish Bones in pectoral (forearms) and pelvic fins (hind legs) Homologous structures Leg bones-stronger To support the body’s weight

9. Evolution of an Amphibian Formation of rib cage protects internal organs

10. Evolution of an Amphibian Lateral line (vibrations in H 2 O) evolved into Tympanic membrane (vibrations in air)

11. Evolution of an Amphibian Eyelids & nictitating membrane (goggles, keep moisture in)

12. Evolution of an Amphibian Nares-detect air borne scents 1 st amp.-large no competition for food # vertebrate on land went up smaller-survived Climate changed decrease # and size

13. Traits of Amphibians 1. Metamorphosis- change form Aquatic larvae= terrestrial adult

14. Traits of Amphibians 2. Cold-blooded-ectotherms Use environment to regulate temperature

15. Traits of Amphibians 3. Ext. fertilization- Need H 2 O Jelly-coated Eggs No shells

16. Traits of Amphibians 4. Feet, if present, lack claws Often webbed

17. Traits of Amphibians 5. Moist porous skin Cutaneous Respiration In O 2 & H 2 O Out CO 2 & H 2 O

18. Traits of Amphibians 6. Respire = gills, lungs, skin

19. Number of species 4500 different species of amphibians

20. Anura Means: tailless 3800 species of frogs & toads Lay jelly-coated eggs in H 2 O Tadpoles- compact bodies Tongue sticky, long

21. Anura Frog Smooth skin Jump= powerful hind legs Live near H 2 O Toad Rough bumpy skin Poisonous glands Only walk Live on land (moist)

22. Urodela 400 different species= salamanders& newts Long tails Elongated bodies Moist skin 4 limbs Lay eggs in H 2 O Worldwide- except Australia

23. Apoda or Gymnophiona “legless” amphibians 160 species Caecilians 12” long Live tropics in dirt/soil Eat Insects

24. Life of a Frog (Metamorphosis) Larvae (fish-like) Gills Fin-like tail 2 chamber heart Closed system 1 loop

25. Life of a Frog (Metamorphosis) Adult Lungs Legs Closed system 3 chamber heart 2 loop system

26. External covering/moist skin 1. Respiration (cutaneous) thin, moist skin-if skin dries suffocation b/c increase CO 2 Most active @ night- cooler, more moisture Mucus glands- more moisture

27. 2. Protection Some poisonous Most secrete a foul tasting substance Skin-camouflaging “Extra Eyes” Puff-up eyes/bodies

28. Poison Dart Frog

29. Nervous system/Sensory Organs Same size as fish No care process for young Sight-well developed Eyes=large @ top Detect prey Eyelids Nictitating membrane “goggles” while swimming Keep eyes moist

30. Nervous System/Sensory Organs Sound- tympanic membrane Pick up vibrations Connects to Eustachian Tube NOT EARS!!!! Smell-Nares Internal & External High Set

31. Internal Structures Endoskeleton Adaptations: Radius, ulna are fused Tibia,fibula fused Beginning of joints

32. Digestive System Larvae-herbivores Adult-carnivores Starts in the mouth 2 kinds of teeth Gripping/holding prey Forcing it down gullet DO NOT CHEW!!!!! Pharynx (back of throat) Gullet (opening to esophagus) Esophagus Stomach Where protein digestion occurs

33. Digestive System Small intestine No pyloric caeca Proteins, lipids, & carbs. digestion Get enzymes from pancreas (insulin), liver (makes bile), and gall bladder (stores bile) Large intestine NO DIGESTION Removes excess H2O Food molecules absorbed into blood Storage of food until sent to cloaca to be removed heart liver Large intestines Small intestines

34. Digestive System Cloaca Similar to the urogenital opening BUT… Digestive AND urogenital systems meet here Stores urine, sex cells, & feces until released Vent Similar to anus Everything exits here- urine, sex cells, feces.

35. Circulatory System Larvae (fish-like) 1 loop system 2 chambered heart Adult 2 loop system 3 chambered heart **Larvae ills ody

36. Circulatory System Systemic Circulation blood travels from heart to body and back to heart Pulmonary Circulation blood travels from heart to lungs and back to heart

37. Blood Circulation

38. Respiratory System 2 types: Respire through moist skin-cutaneous Mouth-Glottis (opening to trachea) -Trachea-Lungs Take in O 2 and release CO 2 “Purple bunch of grapes” Lungs

39. Excretory System Kidneys 2, lie along back wall of frog, under reproduction organs “Long, brownish-red kidney beans” Blood into kidney Kidneys filter out nitrogenous wastes

40. Excretory System Passes through tube called ureter Urea, salts & H 2 O (urine) stored in urinary bladder From cloaca, urine passes out through vent

41. Reproductive System Male Frog: Sperm made in testes Travels through sperm ducts to cloaca Exits out vent

42. Reproductive System Female Frog: Eggs made in ovaries Travel along oviduct where jelly-coating is applied Eggs empty out into cloaca & exit out vent when amplexus occurs

43. Fat Bodies Female Eggs & Oviducts

44. See “Love is In the Air”

45. Fun Bio-Nerdy Amphibian Facts Group of frogs= Army Group of toads= Knot

46. Fears… Batrachophobia- Fear of amphibians Ranidaphobia- Fear of frogs. Bufonophobia- Fear of toads.

47. Smallest frog= ~1cm

48. Largest Frog= 30cm (~1 ruler)

49. Largest Salamander Chinese Giant Salamander – critically endangered

50. Close Eyes to Swallow

51. Toads CANNOT give you warts!!! Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

52. Gastric-Brooding Frog

53. Glass Frog-See Heart Beating

54. The End-Hop to It!!!