1. The Early Greeks Chapter 4 Section 1

2. The Geography of Greece Mainland of Greece is a peninsula—a body of land with water on three sides Mainland of Greece is a peninsula—a body of land with water on three sides Work FishersSailors Trader s

3. The Geography of Greece Farming Communities— Farming Communities— Climate was mild Climate was mild Grew Wheat, Barley, olives, and grapes Grew Wheat, Barley, olives, and grapes Raised Sheep and Goats Raised Sheep and Goats Felt deep ties to the land—sea and mountains separated each other forcing the early Greek communities to grow fiercely independent Felt deep ties to the land—sea and mountains separated each other forcing the early Greek communities to grow fiercely independent http://animoto.com/play/8o6ziB1Sft08BI2RZ PmumA http://animoto.com/play/8o6ziB1Sft08BI2RZ PmumA http://animoto.com/play/8o6ziB1Sft08BI2RZ PmumA http://animoto.com/play/8o6ziB1Sft08BI2RZ PmumA

4. The Minoans The Minoans earned their living by building ships and trading The Minoans earned their living by building ships and trading Island of Crete—Minoan Civilization Island of Crete—Minoan Civilization Were not Greek, but their civilization arise in the land that would later become Greece Were not Greek, but their civilization arise in the land that would later become Greece

5. The Minoans Palace at Knossos—many riches, work spaces, private rooms for royal families Palace at Knossos—many riches, work spaces, private rooms for royal families Built fortunes off of trade. Traded for pottery and stone vases for ivory metals Built fortunes off of trade. Traded for pottery and stone vases for ivory metals Built ships from oak and cedar—sailed as far as Egypt and Syria Built ships from oak and cedar—sailed as far as Egypt and Syria By 2000 BC, controlled the eastern Mediterranean Sea. By 2000 BC, controlled the eastern Mediterranean Sea. 1450 BC, Minoan civilization suddenly collapsed—1)Large earthquake producing large waves or 2) by the Mycenaeans 1450 BC, Minoan civilization suddenly collapsed—1)Large earthquake producing large waves or 2) by the Mycenaeans

6. The First Greek Kingdoms Mycenaean's were originally from central Asia. Mycenaean's were originally from central Asia. Invade the Greek Mainland by 1900 BC Invade the Greek Mainland by 1900 BC Warriors became nobles who ruled the people they conquered. Warriors became nobles who ruled the people they conquered. Mycenae--Palace Mycenae--Palace

7. What were Mycenaean Kingdom Kingdom on a Fortified palace on a hill Kingdom on a Fortified palace on a hill Ruler lived their, surrounded by giant stone walls Ruler lived their, surrounded by giant stone walls Beyond the walls were farms or estates that belong to the nobles Beyond the walls were farms or estates that belong to the nobles Government kept track of wealth—taxed people through wheat, livestock, and honey. Stored them in the palace Government kept track of wealth—taxed people through wheat, livestock, and honey. Stored them in the palace

8. Power from Trade and War Minoan traders began to visit the Mycenaeans in Crete. Minoan traders began to visit the Mycenaeans in Crete. Taught the Mycenaean’s how to work with bronze and build ships. Taught the Mycenaean’s how to work with bronze and build ships. Learned how to use the sun and starts to navigate the sea Learned how to use the sun and starts to navigate the sea Began to worship the Minoans chief goddess, Earth Mother Began to worship the Minoans chief goddess, Earth Mother 1400 BC, Mycenaeans became the major power on the Mediterranean—Traded from Egypt and Southern Italy 1400 BC, Mycenaeans became the major power on the Mediterranean—Traded from Egypt and Southern Italy

9. WAR Trojan War Trojan War Agamemnon Agamemnon Very Proud of their deeds in War Very Proud of their deeds in War http://animoto.com/play/GwWJJ5lLHa1pPCz arF11qQ?autostart=true http://animoto.com/play/GwWJJ5lLHa1pPCz arF11qQ?autostart=true http://animoto.com/play/GwWJJ5lLHa1pPCz arF11qQ?autostart=true http://animoto.com/play/GwWJJ5lLHa1pPCz arF11qQ?autostart=true

10. What was the Dark Age? 1200 BC Mycenaeans were troubled by earthquakes and fighting among the kingdoms. Destroyed their hilltop forts 1200 BC Mycenaeans were troubled by earthquakes and fighting among the kingdoms. Destroyed their hilltop forts By 1100 BC, Mycenaeans collapsed By 1100 BC, Mycenaeans collapsed

11. Dark Age Dark Ages 1100bc-750 BC Overseas trade slowed Poverty took hold Grew only enough food To meet their Families needs Stopped teaching Others to read Write and Craftwork Some forgot their Own alphabet

12. Dark Age Not all bad—expanded Greek Culture. Thousands of Greeks moved off of the mainland Not all bad—expanded Greek Culture. Thousands of Greeks moved off of the mainland Dorians (lived in northern mountains of Greece)- moved south to Peloponnesus. Brought iron weapons giving Greece more advanced technology Dorians (lived in northern mountains of Greece)- moved south to Peloponnesus. Brought iron weapons giving Greece more advanced technology Iron weapons and tools were stronger than the bronze Iron weapons and tools were stronger than the bronze

13. Dark Ages Gradually—people began to farm, produce surplus of food, and trade Gradually—people began to farm, produce surplus of food, and trade Greek alphabet— Phoenicians--24 letters, made reading and writing better. Wrote down stories which have been passed down for years. Greek alphabet— Phoenicians--24 letters, made reading and writing better. Wrote down stories which have been passed down for years.

14. A Move to Colonize Greece recovered from the Dark Ages—the population grew. Greece recovered from the Dark Ages—the population grew. Farmers could no longer grow enough grain to feed everyone Farmers could no longer grow enough grain to feed everyone Sent people outside of Greece to form colonies—settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland Sent people outside of Greece to form colonies—settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland

15. A Move to Colonize Spread to coasts of Italy, France, Spain, North Africa, and western Asia between 750 BC and 550 BC Spread to coasts of Italy, France, Spain, North Africa, and western Asia between 750 BC and 550 BC Colonists traded with “parent cities” Colonists traded with “parent cities” Traded: Grains, metals, fish, timber, and enslaved people Traded: Grains, metals, fish, timber, and enslaved people Received: Pottery, wine, olive oil from mainland Received: Pottery, wine, olive oil from mainland Began to mint coins—traded for money instead of other goods Began to mint coins—traded for money instead of other goods

16. A Move to Colonize As trade grew—people specialized in certain products such as pottery in places that had large amounts of clay As trade grew—people specialized in certain products such as pottery in places that had large amounts of clay

17. The Polis Greek-City States—known as a Polis—was kind of like a tiny independent country Greek-City States—known as a Polis—was kind of like a tiny independent country Main gathering place—acropolis—fortified area that stood at the top of a hill Main gathering place—acropolis—fortified area that stood at the top of a hill Sometimes served as a religious center to honor gods and goddesses Sometimes served as a religious center to honor gods and goddesses Agora—open area below the acropolis Agora—open area below the acropolis City-States ranged from a few square miles to over a hundred square miles— Athens most populated at 300,000 by 500 BC City-States ranged from a few square miles to over a hundred square miles— Athens most populated at 300,000 by 500 BC

18. Greek Citizenship Each Greek City –State ran by citizens Each Greek City –State ran by citizens First to develop the idea of citizenship—only native born men who owned land could be citizens. Since they owned they land, they should run the land. First to develop the idea of citizenship—only native born men who owned land could be citizens. Since they owned they land, they should run the land. Some city-states such as Athens dropped this requirement—slaves and foreign-born residents still were excluded Some city-states such as Athens dropped this requirement—slaves and foreign-born residents still were excluded Women could qualify for citizenship, but had no rights Women could qualify for citizenship, but had no rights

19. Greek Citizenship Rights of Citizens Gathered in the Agora Could Pass laws Own Property Choose Officials Hold office Right to Vote Defend themselves in court Had duty to serve in Government Fight for Polis as citizen soldiers

20. Citizens as Soldiers Early Greece—wars were waged by nobles riding horses and chariots Early Greece—wars were waged by nobles riding horses and chariots Hoplites—700 BC – developed army of ordinary citizens-couldn’t afford horses—fought on foot and were heavily armed Hoplites—700 BC – developed army of ordinary citizens-couldn’t afford horses—fought on foot and were heavily armed Weapons-round shield, 9 foot spear, and sword Weapons-round shield, 9 foot spear, and sword

21. Citizens in Soldiers Fought in rows shoulder to shoulder with shields Fought in rows shoulder to shoulder with shields Took pride in fighting for their city-state Took pride in fighting for their city-state This caused Greeks to distrust on another and caused a lack of unity among city-states This caused Greeks to distrust on another and caused a lack of unity among city-states