1. Substance Use and Abuse Definition: Any substance that, when taken into the body, will modify one or more of the body’s functions. (e.g. can an increase in heart rate). They may be legal (medicine, caffeine) or illegal (marijuana, cocaine), PPL1O

2. Methods of Drug Administration Drugs can be taken in four ways: 1.O ral Ingestion - most common, convenient, slowest reaction 2.I njection - the drug is dissolved in liquid and injected (very rapid action) 3.I nhalation - as a powder or gas 4.A bsorption - transdermal, chemical absorbs through skin (ie. Patch)

4. Overall Effects of drugs on the body Drugs are chemical substances that change the way our bodies work. Drugs are chemical substances that change the way our bodies work. They can be put into the body by swallowing, inhaling, or injection. They can be put into the body by swallowing, inhaling, or injection. They enter the bloodstream and are transported to all the organs of your body (brain, liver, lungs). They enter the bloodstream and are transported to all the organs of your body (brain, liver, lungs).

5. Effects – con’t… Drugs can be helpful or harmful. Drugs can be helpful or harmful. Effects depend on the kind of drug taken, how much taken, how often it is taken. Body size, shape, and chemistry make a difference Effects depend on the kind of drug taken, how much taken, how often it is taken. Body size, shape, and chemistry make a difference

6. Using drugs for non-medical purposes always poses a degree of risk to the user. Risks can very from very low to very high. Harm can occur for first time users or addicts. We use the Continuum of Drug Use to categorize your potential risk of drug use and abuse. Drug Use Continuum (p. 215)

7. Dependent Use (Very High Risk) Compulsive and excessive use that continues despite problems with various life areas Heavy Use (High Risk) Ongoing use that results in problems in one or more areas of a person’s life Binge Use (High Risk) Use of a large amount of a substance at one time Social Use (Low to Moderate Risk) Ongoing drug use with moderate consumption Experimental Use (Low Risk) Have tried a substance once or several times, use occurs because of curiosity and peer pressure Non-Use (No Risk) Never use a particular drug, healthiest choice because it involves no risk

8. How Can We Categorize Drugs? Types of Drugs…

9. 5 Types of Drugs 1. Stimulants  Amphetamines  Methamphetamine  Nicotine  Caffeine  Cocaine  Crack 2. Depressants  Barbiturates  Tranquilizers  Methaqualone 3. Hallucinogens  PCP  LSD  Mescaline 4. Narcotics  Morphine  Codeine  Heroin 5. Anabolic Steroids  Testosterone

10. 1. Stimulants Excites or speeds up the CNS (central nervous system) Excites or speeds up the CNS (central nervous system) Increases alertness / energy level and decreases appetite. Increases alertness / energy level and decreases appetite. It can produce a strong psychological and physical dependence It can produce a strong psychological and physical dependence Includes: Includes:  Cocaine/Crack (coke, blow, nose candy)  Tobacco  Caffeine  Amphetamines (bennies, speed, uppers)  Nicotine

11. 2. Depressants Slow down central nervous system Slow down central nervous system At low dose – calm, drowsy, well-being At low dose – calm, drowsy, well-being At High dose – unconsciousness, coma, death At High dose – unconsciousness, coma, death If mixed with alcohol-increases risk of overdose and death. If mixed with alcohol-increases risk of overdose and death. Includes: Includes:  Alcohol  Opiates (heroin, opium, morphine, codeine)  Inhalants (paint thinner, glue)  Sedatives (barbiturates-reds, goof balls, sleeping pills, rohypnol  Tranquillizers (valium, anti-anxiety medications, downers)

12. 3. Hallucinogens Dramatically affect perception, emotions and mental process. Dramatically affect perception, emotions and mental process. Distortions of reality Distortions of reality Have a high risk of overdose Have a high risk of overdose Hallucinogens make emotions more intense. Skin feels tingly and heart rate increases. Hallucinogens make emotions more intense. Skin feels tingly and heart rate increases. Includes: Includes:  LSD (acid)  Ecstasy (X)  PCP (angel dust)  Magic Mushrooms (shrooms)  Ketamine (special K)

13. 4. Cannabis Most widely used illegal drug Most widely used illegal drug Acts on the body in many ways: hallucinogenic, depressant, stimulant Acts on the body in many ways: hallucinogenic, depressant, stimulant Includes: Includes:  Hashish  Hash oil  Marijuana

14. 5. Anabolic Steroids Are Performance enhancing drugs Are Performance enhancing drugs They increase the effects of naturally occurring hormones in the body They increase the effects of naturally occurring hormones in the body The use of steroids can seriously damage a person’s health and are banned by sports organizations. The use of steroids can seriously damage a person’s health and are banned by sports organizations. Includes Includes  Any synthetic testosterone or testosterone mimicker

15. Assignment #1 Substance Abuse Assignment. Go to My TeacherWeb and look under the ‘PPL1O’ for a copy of the assignment you are to complete.

16. PPL 1O Substance Abuse Assignment Rationale: In this assignment you will work with a partner and select a drug to research. You must inform your teacher on the drug you have chosen, as there will be no duplication of topics allowed. Both you and your partner must complete an equal amount of the work and share both parts of this assignment. Part 1: Once you have selected a particular drug you will answer the questions below. These are ‘guiding’ questions only, you may add to your presentation as you see fit. In fact, it is expected that you include other relevant information when conducting your research. Part 2: Once you have gathered your information you will create a powerpoint/prezi presentation on the topic you have chosen. View the examples I have listed below to help increase your knowledge on how to create a Prezi and some of its advantages. You will present your Prezi to your classmates in a brief and informative presentation on ????

17. 1. INFORMATION COLLECTION: Locate the following information: Name of Drug / Slang or street names What is the history of this drug (origin)? How does it enter the body / What type of drug is it? How does it affect the body physically, mentally, emotionally? What are the active ingredients? What are the withdrawal symptoms? Are there any medical uses (past or present)? What are the dangers or harmful consequences of using this drug? What are the Canadian laws regarding use of this drug? How can a person quit using this drug (suggestions to stop)? Statistics of usage (chart or graph) You must use a minimum of 2 resources (either books, internet, video or other – please cite your work) Here are some helpful websites to start your research: www.health.orgwww.smoke-free.ca www.nida.nih.govwww.dietitians.com/caffeine.html www.druginfo.org/orgs/dsiwww.healthcentral.com www.canadian-health-network.cawww.canadian-health-network.cawww.kidshealth.org

18. 2. CREATE A PREZI In part 2, you will view one or both of the sites below to learn how to create a Prezi presentation. Like a power point presentation, this is a tool that will make your presentations more interesting and interactive. It is the expectation that both members will contribute to the Prezi as well as gathering of information. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dInC4zPbV6I http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GVJcOalE23E&list=PL09A34EF19596B7BB&index=1 You should include pictures / charts or graphs in your prezi to complement the written information... NEATNESS and OVERALL APPEAL are crucial in getting your message and information across to the viewer. Use of graphics in your presentation is strongly recommended. Information should be current Data/statistics needs to be cited Please ensure that your work has been proof-read before presenting it Practice/rehearse your role! Do not present the information as though you’ve never seen the material before – practice what you’ll be saying beforehand You are the expert on this topic so be thorough!!!

19. Assignment #1 -In pairs, you will pick One-(1) illicit drug to research -Set up a PowerPoint/prezi with a minimum of six-(6) to eight-(8) slides that describes the following: -how your drug affects its user (ie. Causes drowsiness, alertness, hyperactivity…) what signs are there that a person is on this drug… -medical/physical consequences (ie. Vomitting, seizures, short term memory loss…) Short or long term health problems

20. -laws against it’s use (p. 224) -identify the major factors (e.g., environmental influences such as peer pressure, media influences, adolescent attitudes) that contribute to the use of your drug (p. 218) - identify the school and community resources involved in education, prevention, and treatment with respect to alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs -include graphics, pictures, charts, diagrams, or video’s… -Other... http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/abuse/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/abuse/

21. alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs

22. TOPIC: Legalization of Marijuana FORMAT: Students will discuss/debate the pros and cons of legalization marijuana use in Canada. DATE: REQUIREMENTS: Students will prepare and hand in notes the day of the debate. The following day, students will submit a 1 page paper discussing their opinions with supporting evidence Assignment #2 – CLASS DEBATE