1. 1 km 3 km 9 km.5 km Multiple Non-Uniform Resolution Grid Model Multiple Uniform Resolutions Multiple Non-Uniform Resolutions Luis A. Bastidas, Norman L. Miller Soni Yatheendradas, Ajay Kalra, Jiming Jin Design and apply non- uniform LSM grids over the San Pedro Basin and test the sensitivity of the hydrologic response as forced by dynamical and statistical downscaling procedures. Compare the 1-3-9 km spatially aggregated non- uniform grid and fine- scale grid simulations to the medium-scale 12 km simulations. Compare fine-scale and non-uniform solutions and determine the non- uniform scales that result in solutions of similar accuracy as the fine- scale.

2. Multiple Non-Uniform Resolution Grid Model 9 km 1 km Preliminary Results Luis A. Bastidas, Norman L. Miller Soni Yatheendradas, Ajay Kalra, Jiming Jin

3. Distributed LSM Calibration 30405060708090100 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ground Temp RMSE [K] Sensible Heat RMSE [w/m²] 30405060708090100 0 1 2 3 4 5 Ground Temp RMSE [K] Latent Heat RMSE [w/m²] 30405060708090100 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Sensible Heat RMSE [w/m²] Latent Heat RMSE [w/m²] Ground Observations P replaced S  replaced P and S  replaced Ground Observations P replaced S  replaced P and S  replaced S. Yathendradas, L. Bastidas, H. Gupta, S. Sorooshian Exploring the use of remote sensing for calibration of the distributed land surface model over the San Pedro River.

4. Ongoing PILPS Semi Arid Experiment Lucky Hills Kendall Tucson NEW MEXICO L. Bastidas, H. Gupta, B. Nijseen, W. Emmerich, E. Small Sevilleta Sites SAHRA NAME Sponsors

5. Ongoing PILPS Science Questions 1.What is the ability of the models to reproduce the water, energy, and carbon exchanges in semi-arid environments? 2.Are the current (usually single) representations of semi-arid lands in the models enough to reproduce the different environments that exist in those areas? 3.Does model calibration reduce the among-model range in the model simulations? 4.How much influence does the model parameterization have on the parameter estimations of “physically meaningful” parameters? 5.Do current carbon representations, developed for forests, properly reproduce carbon exchanges over vegetated arid lands?

6. San Pedro Basin 1 km Resolution4 km Resolution9 km Resolution

8. CRITICAL ISSUES IN THE SAN PEDRO Microcosm of local, state, & International water resources & sustainability issues Ft. Huachuca – largest employer in Southern Arizona Cananea Mine: 2-3% world’s copper Economic development and growth within the Sub-basin Groundwater is sole source of water for human use and sustaining San Pedro R. Understanding the relationship of Groundwater to the San Pedro & Groundwater Depth and Deficit 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA

9. 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA

11. 1 km 3 km 9 km.5 km Multiple Non-Uniform Resolution Grid Model 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca Uniform Resolution 500m Multiple Uniform Resolutions Multiple Non-Uniform Resolutions Luis A. Bastidas, Norman L. Miller Soni Yatheendradas, Ajay Kalra, Jiming Jin

12. 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA

13. 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca

14. 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca

15. 050 km San Pedro River Benson Tombstone USA MEXICO Cananea BLM – SPNRCA Sierra Vista Ft. Huachuca

17. Design and apply non- uniform LSM grids over the San Pedro Basin and test the sensitivity of the hydrologic response as forced by dynamical and statistical downscaling pro-cedures. Compare the 1-3-9 km spatially aggregated non- uniform grid and fine- scale grid simulations to the medium-scale 12 km simulations. Compare fine-scale and non-uniform solutions and determine the non- uniform scales that result in solutions of similar accuracy as the fine- scale.