1. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola

2. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola - Protura

3. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 1. Diversity - Collembola - Protura - Insecta

4. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - spiracles

5. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - spiracles - Fusion of segments into three regions: head, thorax, abdomen

6. II. Animal Diversity b. Ecdysozoans 3. Arthropod Phyla e. Phylum Hexapoda 2. Biology - spiracles - Fusion of segments into three regions: head, thorax, abdomen - Flight in insects

7. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 1. Protostomes – blastopore forms mouth a. Lophotrochozoans b. Ecdysozoans 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata b. Hemichordata c. Chordata

9. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars

10. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars - sea cucumbers

11. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 1. Diversity - sea stars - sea cucumbers - sea urchins

12. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry”

13. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates

14. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates - water vascular system and tube feet (sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal)

15. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus a. Echinodermata 2. Biology - “biradial symmetry” - internal skeleton – calcified plates - water vascular system and tube feet (sieve plate, ring canal, radial canal) - filter feeders (Sea Lily), herbivores (sea urchins), predators (sea stars).

16. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms

17. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus b. Hemichordata – Acorn Worms - pharyngeal gill slits - hollow dorsal nerve tube

18. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters

19. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits

20. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube

21. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube - Post-anal tail

22. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters - Pharyngeal Gill Slits - Hollow Dorsal Nerve Tube - Post-anal tail - notochord – a rigid supporting rod

23. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata - Tunicates

24. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata – Tunicates - 4 traits as larva

25. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata – Tunicates - 4 traits as larva - mobile as larva

26. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 1. Urochordata – Tunicates - 4 traits as larva - mobile as larva - become sedentary as adults (filter)

27. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets

28. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: Four Key Characters 2. Cephalochordata – Lancelets - 4 traits - burrowers - filter feeders

29. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata

30. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits

31. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column

32. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends:

33. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion

34. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion - increased cephalization

35. II. Animal Diversity C. Bilateria 2. Deuterostomes – blastopore forms anus c. Chordata: 3. Vertebrata - four traits - vertebral column - trends: - increased locomotion - increased cephalization - adaptations to land

36. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata a. Origin of Vertebrates - filter feeding ancestor (lancelet-like) - 550 mya - Pikaea

37. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata a. Origin of Vertebrates

38. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha) - Early: Ostracoderms – filter feeding

39. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata b. Jawless Fishes – (Class: Agnatha) - Current: lampreys, hagfishes: parasitic

40. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes

41. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches

42. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws

43. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding

44. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding - priority on locomotion

45. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - gill arches - evolved to jaws - increase feeding - priority on locomotion - Cephalization

46. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) dominant predators paired appendages for swimming

48. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) also efficient paired fins - sharks - skates, rays - ratfish

49. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes)

50. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton

51. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration

52. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata c. Jawed Fishes - Placoderms(extinct – survived to Permian) - Cartilaginous fish (Class: Chondrichthyes) - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast)

53. - Bony Fish (Class: Osteichthyes) - light bone skeleton - air sac for respiration - in Ray-finned: swim bladder (light, buoyant, fast) - in Lobe-finned and lungfish: evolved jointed fins… could support weight on land, and breath with air sac. (Devonian – 400my

54. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians

55. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Evolved in Devonian (375 mya) - Lungfish - fed on abundant terrestrial Arthropods

56. Ichthyostegids

57. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders

58. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist

59. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata d. Amphibians - Caecilians, Frogs and Toads, Salamanders - small lungs, respiratory skin must stay moist - eggs must stay moist

60. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles – evolved in Carboniferous (325 mya)

61. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell

62. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine

63. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata e. Reptiles - amniotic egg with shell - kidney to produce concentrated urine - scales to reduce water loss from skin

64. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Birds: evolved over 200 mya ago

65. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Birds - feathers – homeothermy and flight

66. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata f. Birds - feathers – homeothermy and flight - “one way” lung – more efficient

67. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals:

68. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too (remember from what?)

69. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy)

70. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young)

71. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young) - Development: lay eggs (Monotremes)

72. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young) - Development: lay eggs (Monotremes) embryo born, nursed (Marsupials)

73. II. Animal Diversity 3. Vertebrata g. Mammals: - evolved over 200 mya ago, too - hair (homeothermy) - nurse young (increase survival of young) - Development: lay eggs (Monotremes) embryo born, nursed (Marsupials) develop to independence (Placentals)