1. Animal Kingdom

2. Features that Animals Share
They are heterotrophs (can not make their own food)
Can perform rapid, complex movements
Multicellular
Sexually reproduce
Absence of a cell wall
Tissues – specialized function

3. Most Have Symmetry
Radial symmetry – body parts arranged around a central axis
Bilateral symmetry – body design with distinct right and left halves
Asymmetrical – irregular in shape

4. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Multicellular marine animals
Don’t move (anchored to rocks or the bottom)
Asymetrical symmetry
Internal skeletons of spicules
Pores that water flows through for feeding
Single opening for outgoing water

6. Phylum Cnidarians Jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones
Have stinging cells
Marine and freshwater animals
Radial symmetry
Two body forms: polyps and medusa (free swimming)
Two layers of cells that are tissues

8. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Flatworms
Flat body with single opening
Bilateral symmetry
Many are parasites (live off of another animal)
Tapeworms and flukes

10. Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Tube within a tube body
Two openings (mouth, anus)
Simplest digestive system
Some free living and some parasitic
Hookworms, pinworms, trichinella

11. Phylum Mollusca Bilateral symmetry Three part body plan:
Visceral mass – the organs
Mantle – an outer layer of heavy tissue
Foot – muscle used for locomotion
Organ systems: digestion, excretion, circulation, respiration, and reproduction

12. Phylum Mollusca
Shell
One – snails
Two – clams
None – slug
Radula – (except bivalves) a rasping tongue-like organ for scraping
Cephalopods – most intelligent of invertabrates

13. Phylum Mollusca
Snails
Slugs
Octopus
Squid
Clams
Mussels
Oysters

14. Phylum Annelida Segmented worms
Fossils found in rock that is 530 million years old
Has digestive, excretory, circulatory, and locomotive organs

15. Phylum Annelida Has a primitive brain
Has a nerve cord that runs along the underside
Have bristles called setae
to help them move
Earthworms and leeches

16. Phylum Arthopoda Jointed appendages Segmentation
Head with compound eyes
Exoskeleton (outside)
Respiratory structures
Open circulatory system
Some have wings

17. Phylum Arthopoda Class Diplopoda – millipedes
Class Chilopoda – centipedes
Class Insects – 3 segments, 3 legs
Grasshopper – chewing/biting mandible
Mosquito – piercing/sucking mandible
Fly – sponging/lapping mandible

18. Phylum Arthopoda Class Arachnida – 2 segments, 8 legs
Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites
Carnivores except for mites
Some are poisonous

19. Phylum Arthopoda Subphylum Crustacae – 2 segments, 5 pairs of legs
Molt or shed their exoskeleton to grow
Respiration with gills
Two pairs of antennae
Crabs, lobsters, shrimp, pill bugs

20. Phylum Echinodermata Spiny skin Endoskeleton Five-part radial symmetry
Water-vascular system
No head or brain
Tube feet
Sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, sea cucumbers

22. Phylum Chordata Notochord that develops along the back of the embryo
Have a single hollow nerve chord down their back
Not all develop into backbones

23. Vertebrates Chordates with a backbone Endoskeleton Bilateral symmetry
Two pairs of jointed appendages
Complex brains and sense organs
Closed circulatory system with a chambered heart
Organ systems: nervous, circulatory, digestive, respiratory, reproductive, excretory

24. Vertebrates Classes Jawless Fish Cartilaginous Fish Bony fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals

25. Jawless Fish Gill slits Single loop blood cirulation No jaws No scales
No paired fins
Cartilage skeleton
Example: Lamprey

26. Cartilaginous Fish Has a jaw Has paired fins
Reinforced cartilage skeleton
Rough tooth-like scales
Gill slits
Examples: sharks and rays

28. Bony fish Gill covers Has a jaw Has paired fins Bony skeleton
Lateral line
Swim bladder
Scales
Examples: most fish, 95% of fish

30. Amphibians Adapted to land Legs Lungs (some skin breathing)
Double loop circulation
Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently
Need water to reproduce
Eggs are not watertight, no shell
Metamorphosis – tadpole to adult
Ectothermic – body temperatures change
Examples: frogs, toads, salamanders

32. Reptiles Adapted to land Legs have scales, watertight skin Lungs
Heart to deliver oxygen more efficiently
Eggs have a leathery shell
Ectothermic – body temperatures change
Examples: turtles, lizards

33. Reptiles Dinosaurs were reptiles Four living lines: Turtles
Snakes and lizards
Crocodiles and alligators
Tuataras

35. Birds Largest group of terrestrial vertebrates Beaks Wings
Hollow bones
Feathers
Scales on their legs
Endodermic – constant body temperature
Eggs have hard, watertight shells

36. Birds Beaks and legs differ according to use: Birds of prey Songbirds
Water birds
Flightless birds

38. Mammals Hair Diverse and specialized teeth Endothermic Mammary glands
Unborn young nourished by a placenta

39. Mammals Reproduce in three ways: Monotremes – Lay eggs then feed milk
Marsupials – Feed in a pouch
Placental – Unborn young nourished by a placenta

40. Placental Mammals Orders
Rontentia – mice, guinea pigs
Chiroptera – bats
Insectivora – shrew
Carnivora – flesh-eating
Pinnipedia – marine carnivores
Primate – monkeys and apes

41. Placental Mammals Orders
Artiodactyla – split hooves
Perissodactyla – odd number of toes, horses
Cetacea – whales and dolphins
Lagomorpha – rabbits
Sirenia – manatees
Probiscidea – elephants