1. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 1 Motivation and Emotion CHAPTER 6 LESSONS 6.1 6.1Theories of Motivation 6.2 6.2Biological and Social Motives 6.3 6.3Emotion

2. © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Chapter 6Slide 2 LESSON 6.1 Theories of Motivation OBJECTIVES Define motivation. Compare and contrast internal push theories. Differentiate among external push theories. Understand Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

3. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 3 What is Motivation? Motivation is an inner state that energizes behavior toward a goal. Internal or External factors Internal pushes you toward or away from some object or activity. External pull you in a certain direction

4. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 4 Internal Push Theories Instinct theories Drive-reduction theory Yerkes-Dodson Law

5. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 5 Instinct Theories Instinct is an unlearned inherited fixed pattern of behavior. William McDougall-Human behavior by a variety of instincts. Problems with McDougall’s approach- Don’t explain behavior just name them. Most behaviors are learned or shaped by experience

6. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 6 Drive-Reduction Theory Homeostasis is the tendency to keep physiological systems internally balanced by adjusting them in response to change. Drive-reduction theory is the idea that an imbalance in homeostasis creates a physiological need, which produces a drive that motivates the organism to satisfy the need.

7. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 7 Figure 6-1 Drive-Reduction Theory Imbalance in homeostasis (chemical imbalance of bodily fluids due to deprivation) Physiological need (for water or other fluids) Drive that provides motivation to satisfy need Behavior (drinking fluids) that satisfies need and reduces drive Homeostasis restored

8. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 8 Yerkes-Dodson Law Yerkes-Dodson law is a theory that states individuals perform best when maintaining an intermediate level of sensory stimulation.

9. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 9 Figure 6-2 The Yerkes-Dodson Law

10. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 10 External Pull Theories Incentive theory Intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation

11. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 11 Incentive Theory Incentive theory is a theory proposing that any stimulus that you think has either positive or negative outcomes for you will become an incentive for your behavior. An incentive is a positive or negative stimulus in the environment that attracts or repels you.

12. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 12 Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Motivation Intrinsic motivation is the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake. Extrinsic motivation is the desire to perform a behavior because of promised rewards or the threats of punishment.

13. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 13 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Hierarchy of needs is Maslow’s ladder of human needs in which more basic physiological and safety needs must be satisfied before you are motivated to satisfy higher-level psychological needs. Self-actualization - the ultimate goal of human growth is the realization of your full potential.

14. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Maslow Hierarchy First two levels are physical Second two are psychological With these levels Maslow believed you were motivated by a desire to overcome your feelings of being deprived of some kind of physical or psychological need. Deficiency needs Slide 14

15. Chapter 6 © South-Western | Cengage Learning A Discovery Experience PSYCHOLOGY Slide 15 Figure 6-3 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Physiological needs (hunger, thirst, etc.) Physiological needs (hunger, thirst, etc.) Safety needs (security, predictability, etc.) Safety needs (security, predictability, etc.) Belongingness and love needs (intimacy, acceptance) Belongingness and love needs (intimacy, acceptance) Esteem needs (achievement, power, etc.) Esteem needs (achievement, power, etc.) Self-actualization needs (realization of one's full potential) Self-actualization needs (realization of one's full potential)