1. Unit 4 A Theory of Human Motivation

2. Who is Maslow?  Member of the Chicago dynasty of psychologists and sociologists  Published theory of human motivation in 1943  Known as a humanistic psychologist –Humanists focus upon potentials

3. Maslow, a humanistic psychologist  1. Humanist do not believe that human being are pushed and pulled by mechanical forces, either of stimuli and reinforcements (behaviorism) or of unconscious instinctual impulses (psychoanalysis).  2. Humanist focus upon potentials.  3. They believe that humans strive for an upper level of capabilities.  4. Humans seek the frontiers of creativity, the highest reaches of consciousness and wisdom.

4.  Physiological needs-also known as biological needs. Consists of oxygen, food, water, constant body temperature.  Physiological are the strongest needs

5.  Safety Needs-Security and Protection from physical and emotional harm  Adults have little awareness for safety needs except in times of emergency

6.  Belongingness & Love needs- people seek to overcome feelings of loneliness and alienation.  Involves giving and receiving love affection and a sense of belonging

7.  Needs for esteem-involves both self-esteem and esteem a person gets from others  Humans need self-respect and respect of others  When these needs are satisfied person feels self-confident and valuable  When not met people feel inferior, weak, helpless, and worthless

8.  Needs to Achieve Self-Actualization –Cognitive – to know, to understand, to explore –Aesthetic-to find symmetry, order and beauty

9.  Self actualization characteristics –Problem focused –Incorporate an ongoing freshness of appreciation of life –Concerned about personal growth –Ability to have peak experiences

10.  Transcendence – to help others find self- fulfillment and realize their potential

11.  Maslow recognized that not all personality types followed this hierarchy  Suggested that flow through the heirarchy can occur at any level at any time and many times simultaneously.

12. Maslow states in his book, Motivation and Personality, 1954, concerning Self Actualization  “A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be ultimately at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be.”

13. Maslow on Self Actualization continued  Maslow points out that the hierarchy is dynamic; the dominant need is always shifting  Example:  The musician may be lost in the self actualization of playing music, but eventually becomes tired and hungry so he or she has to stop.

14. Maslow on Self Actualization continued:  Moreover, a single behavior may combine several levels.  Example:  Eating dinner is both physiological and social.  The hierarchy does not exist by itself, but is affected by the situation and the general culture

15. Maslow on Self Actualization continued:  Finally, he notes that a satisfied need no longer motivates.  Example:  A hungry man may be desperate for food, but once he eats a good meal, the promise of food no longer motivates him.

16. Educational Implications  Teach people to be authentic  Teach people to become world citizens  Help people to discover their vocation in life  Teach people that life is precious, there is joy in life  We must accept the person and help them find their inner self  We must see that basic needs are satisfied  We should refreshen consciousness

17. Educational Implications  Teach people that controls are good, complete abandon is bad  Teach people to transcend the trifling problems and tackle the serious problems of life  Teach people to make good choices