1. This presentation will give a brief description of rocket principles.

2. ROCKET PRINCIPLES Newton’s First Law:
Objects at rest will stay at rest or objects
in motion traveling in a straight line will
stay in a straight line unless acted upon by
an unbalanced force.
ROCKET PRINCIPLES
There are a few principles that need to be understood before designing a rocket.
They are Newton's Three Laws of motion.
Objects at rest will stay at rest
or objects in motion in straight
line unless acted upon by an
unbalanced force.
This is a pretty simple and straight forward fact. Make sure you keep it in a relative aspect.

3. ROCKET PRINCIPLES Newton’s Second Law: Force is equal to mass times
acceleration.
F = MA
ROCKET PRINCIPLES
Force is equal to mass times
acceleration.
This is pretty much a statement of a mathematical equation.
WRITE-- f = ma

4. ROCKET PRINCIPLES Newton’s Third Law: Every action has an equal and
opposite reaction.
ROCKET PRINCIPLES
Every action has an equal
and opposite reaction.
A rocket can lift off of a launch pad only after it has expelled gas from its engine. That gas in turn pushes the rocket. The gas being expelled is the opposite reaction of the rocket leaving the launch pad.

5. ROCKET PRINCIPLES
An unbalanced force must be exerted for a rocket to lift.-1st Law
The amount of thrust will be determined by the mass of rocket propellant burned. – 2nd Law
The motion of the rocket is opposite to the thrust from the engine. – 3rd Law
ROCKET PRINCIPLES
What do all of these mean to rocket propulsion?
An unbalanced force must be
exerted for a rocket to lift.-1st Law
The amount of thrust will be
determined by the mass of rocket
propellant burned – 2nd Law
The motion of the rocket is
opposite to the thrust from the
engine – 3rd Law

6. PROPULSION SYSTEMS There are two basic types: Solid Rockets
Liquid Rockets
Rockets are the only engines that produce enough energy to escape the earth is a rocket.
They are also the only engine that carries al of it’s need components to operate.
PROPULSION SYSTEMS
There are two major types of Rocket Engines (or propulsion systems). What are they?
Solid Rockets
Liquid Rockets
We’ll deal with the Solid Rockets first, but a couple of major points about fuels first (Write on board)
Propellant – Fuel plus an oxidizer that when ignited produces rapidly expanding gases that propel a rocket.
Oxidizer – Agent used to support the combustion of a rocket propellant
NOTE – In order for propellant to burn, oxygen must be present. In space, there is no oxygen.

7. PROPELLANT A propellant is a mixture of fuel
and oxidizer. It is what allows a
rocket to fly in space.
Rockets are the only engines that produce enough energy to escape the earth is a rocket.
They are also the only engine that carries al of it’s need components to operate.
PROPULSION SYSTEMS
There are two major types of Rocket Engines (or propulsion systems). What are they?
Solid Rockets
Liquid Rockets
We’ll deal with the Solid Rockets first, but a couple of major points about fuels first (Write on board)
Propellant – Fuel plus an oxidizer that when ignited produces rapidly expanding gases that propel a rocket.
Oxidizer – Agent used to support the combustion of a rocket propellant
NOTE – In order for propellant to burn, oxygen must be present. In space, there is no oxygen.

8. THRUST The "strength" of a rocket engine is called its thrust.
Thrust is measured in "pounds of thrust" in the U.S. and in Newtons under the metric system
4.45 Newtons of thrust equals 1 pound of thrust.
PROPELLANT DESIGN
(Refer to student handout)
End Burning – Slowest burning, ignited close to the nozzle, minimum surface area, lower thrust over longer time period.
Internal-burning – More thrust because of larger surface area, faster burning
Star Shaped Internal – fastest burning, but the most thrust.

9. THRUST

10. History of Rockets

11. Hero Engine
Archytas – Wooden Pigeon
Hero 0f Alexandria - Aeolipile

12. Chinese Fire Arrows
First Century A.D.
1232 – Kai-King Battle

13. 13th to 15th Centuries
Roger Bacon
Jean Froissart
Joanes de Fontana

14. Chinese Legend – Wan Hu
Rocket-powered flying chair

15. Rocketry Becomes a Science
Sir Isaac Newton ( )
Newton’s Laws of Motion

16. Rocketry Becomes a Science
Colonel William Congreve
Congreve Rockets – War of 1812

17. Rocketry Becomes a Science
Francis Scott Key ( )
The Star-Spangled Banner

18. Pioneers of Modern Rocketry
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky ( )

19. Pioneers of Modern Rocketry
Dr. Robert H. Goddard ( )
The Father of Modern Rocketry

20. Pioneers of Modern Rocketry
Hermann Oberth ( )
The Rocket Into Planetary Space -1923

21. German Rocket Scientists and the V-2
World War II

22. Pioneers of Modern Rocketry
Dr. Wernher von Braun ( )