1. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 1 Module 2 fundamentals of wireless communication Ericsson Carrier-Grade Wi-Fi Solutions

2. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 2 Hidden Slide This page is used for a disclaimer and for page alignment. It ensures that the Module Objectives are uppermost on the odd page facing in the printed document. 2

3. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 3 Module Objectives On completion of this module, course participants will understand: –Antenna types and coverage patterns –How information is modulated –What factors affect the effective radio wave propagation Module 2 Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Ericsson Carrier-Grade Wi-Fi Solutions

4. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 4 Hidden Slide Used to align lesson start pages on the right page 4

5. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 5 Lesson Objectives On completion of this lesson, course participants will understand: how antenna transmission power is measured radiation patterns of omni-directional and directional antennas why receiving and transmitting antennas in a system should have the same polarization Lesson 1 Antennas

6. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 6 Transmission Power Measurement ›In radio electronics, the decibel is used to describe the ratio between two power measurements. ›Decibels are used to account for the gains and losses of a signal from a transmitter to a receiver through some medium (free space, wave guides, coax, fiber optics, etc.) using a Link Budget. ›The gain of an antenna system can only be given with respect to a reference antenna, generally a perfect isotropic antenna. 3 dB – 10 log(x) 10 -10 -3 2 * Power ½ Power 10 * Power 1/10 Power moonblinkwifi.com/dbm_to_watt_conversion.cfm 6 4 * Power 9 8 * Power

7. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 7 Isotropic Radiator Top ViewSide View

8. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 8 OmnidirectionalDirectional Side View Top View Antenna Radiation Patterns

9. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 9 Radiation Patterns Vary with Antenna Gain High Gain Medium Gain Low Gain

10. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 10 DirectionAL Antenna Radio Field Top View Side View Typical directional antenna polar diagrams

11. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 11 Beam Width

12. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 12 Omni-directional Antennas 2.4 GHz5 GHz

13. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 13 Ericsson CONFIDENTIAL Patch Directional Antennas 2.4 GHz 8dBi 5 GHz 15dBi

14. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 14 Direction of Propagation Electric Field Magnetic Field Wavelength Antenna polarization

15. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 15 Antenna Polarization Vertically Polarized Radio Wave Vertically Polarized Antenna Horizontally Polarized Antenna Attenuated Signal

16. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 16 Using Antenna Polarization Nodes A and D can “see” each other and therefore share the bandwidth of channel used AB CD AB C D By changing the antenna polarization nodes A and D can no longer “see” each other and therefore are independent of each other, getting the full use of the channel bandwidth

17. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 17 Lesson Objectives On completion of this lesson, course participants will understand: –the term Modulation –how radio waves are modulated to carry information –the modulation schemes used by Ericsson Lesson 2 Wi-Fi Modulation Methods

18. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 18 Modulation How do you get a radio wave to carry information? –The radio wave is called the Carrier Wave –The information is impressed on the Carrier Wave by a process called Modulation –At the receiver the information is recovered using a process called Demodulation Mo dem

19. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 19 QAM Modulation methods

20. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 20 CCK Modulation Techniques ›Complementary Code Keying (CCK) OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS) DSSS The following modulation schemes are used in Wi-Fi products: 52 subcarriers Each 312kHz wide

21. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 21 802.11a/b/g data rates and modulation Rate (Mbps) 802.11b (1999) 802.11a (1999) 802.11g (2004) 1DSSS 2 5.5CCK 6OFDM 9 11CCK 12OFDM 18OFDM 24OFDM 36OFDM 48OFDM 54OFDM Mandatory values

22. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 22 802.11n Data Rates and Modulation Modulation Coding Scheme (MCS) defines the coding rate, modulation type, and number of spatial streams used to transmit and receive data. See: http://mcsindex.com/ for a complete table of all MCS indexeshttp://mcsindex.com/ MCS index Spatial streams Modulation type Codin g rate Data rate (Mbit/s) 20 MHz channel40 MHz channel 800 ns GI400 ns GI800 ns GI400 ns GI 01BPSK1/26.507.2013.5015.00 11QPSK1/213.0014.4027.0030.00 21QPSK3/419.5021.7040.5045.00 3116-QAM1/226.0028.9054.0060.00 4116-QAM3/439.0043.3081.0090.00 5164-QAM2/352.0057.80108.00120.00 6164-QAM3/458.5065.00121.50135.00 7164-QAM5/665.0072.20135.00150.00 MCS 8 to 15, 16 to 23, and 24 to 31 use the same parameters but have 2, 3, and 4 spatial streams respectively.

23. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 23 Lesson Objectives On completion of this lesson, course participants will understand: –the term Propagation –how the environment affects propagation –the factors that affect the effective range from the transmitter to the receiver Lesson 3 Radio Wave Propagation

24. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 24 Propagation is the term used to describe how a radio wave travels from one point to another. Propagation is affected by : –Environmental issues ›Buildings ›Trees ›Topography ›Moving objects (road traffic, water) –The heights of the transmitting and receiving antennas –Atmospheric conditions ›Rain, fog Radio Wave Propagation

25. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 25 How The Environmental Affects Radio Waves Reflection –Radio waves can reflect off objects such as buildings, water or vehicles. Diffraction –Diffraction refers to the bending, spreading and interference of radio waves as they pass an object such as a building. Refraction –Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed caused by variations in atmospheric density Scattering –Radio waves may be scattered by objects such as rain or foliage, which reduce the power of the signal

26. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 26 Reflection Main beam Multiple reflections

27. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 27 Using Reflection Main beam Reflected Beam 3 dB loss

28. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 28 Diffraction of Radio Waves Antenna Building Original direction of the wave front New direction of the wave front A radio wave that meets an obstacle has a natural tendency to bend around the obstacle -25 dB

29. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 29 Using Diffraction Diffraction can be used reach areas that are not visible on a line of sight. Diffracted Wave Main beam

30. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 30 Refraction Normal Refracted Wave When moving from one medium into another, where the velocity of propagation is different in the mediums (for example clear air and rain), the waves bend

31. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 31 BELAIR NETWORKS CONFIDENTIAL S l i d e 2 - 3131 Scattering 10 dB loss

32. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 32 Signal Power Loss Over Distance 2.4 GHz 1 st m 40 dB loss 5.8 GHz 1 st m 47 dB loss 6 dB loss for every doubling of the distance

33. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 33 Fresnel Zone The zone, mid point between two antennas, where signals can be disrupted by obstacles outside the line-of-site, but intruding into the main radio beam The radius of this zone is dependent on distance and frequency r = radius d = total distance f = frequency transmitted in gigahertz. Fresnel Zone Calculator: http://www.zytrax.com/tech/wireless/calc.htm Up to 20% incursion into the Fresnel zone -> OK 40% or more incursion into the Fresnel zone -> Move the nodes (pronounced FRA-nel Zone)

34. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 34 6 dB Power Reduction Breakpoint 6 dB Power Reduction 6 dB Power Reduction Breakpoint 12 dB Power Reduction

35. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 35 ›Concrete –is too dense to allow the signal to penetrate effectively –can be used to reflect signals ›Plain Glass –common in middle and southern climes. –glass tinted with thin plastic films do not impact propagation –6 dB loss ›Metallized Glass –used in the north to keep heat in and in the south to keep heat out –12 to 20 dB of loss through metallized glass ›Brick and Mortar or Cinder Block –3 to 5 dB loss ›Stucco –may be a problem. Traditional stucco with metal mesh has very high reflective loss –fiber mesh is used increasingly and does not impact propagation BUILDING PENETRATION

36. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 36 Link Budget Distance Loss Antenna Gain (dBi) Rx Sensitivity Tx power – Cable Loss + Antenna gain - Distance loss + Antenna gain - Cable Loss= Power into Rx EIRP Antenna Gain (dBi) Tx Power Cable Loss (dBi) Cable Loss (dBi) Tx power – Cable Loss + Antenna gain = Effective Isotropic Radiated Power Link Budget

37. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 37 Effective Reach The effective reach of a digital radio signal depends on: –the transmission power –the receiver sensitivity –the height of the transmitter and receiver –any reflection, scattering or diffraction losses –the modulation rate that must be achieved –the fade margin required –Noise floor

38. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 38 5.8 GHz Backhaul Link Budget Example Tx Rx Distance Loss 50M (-47 dB first meter) (-20log(50) = -34 dB) Tx Power (+25 dBm) Antenna Gain (+10 dBi) Antenna Gain (+10 dBi) Rx Signal (dB) Cable Loss (-0.5 dB) Cable Loss (-0.5 dB) Diffraction Loss (-25 dB) Tree Loss (-10 dB) Fade Margin (-12 dB) +25 + (-0.5) + 10 + (-10) + (-47) + (-34) + (-25) + (-12) + 10+ (-0.5) = -84 dBm

39. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 39 2.4 GHz Access Link Budget Example Tx Rx Tx Power (+27.5 dBm) Antenna Gain (+8 dBi) Cable Loss (-0.5 dB) EIRP (+35 dBm) Window Loss (-15 dB) (Metallized) Antenna Gain (+0 dBi) Cable Loss (-0.5 dB) Distance Loss 50M (-40 dB first meter) (-20log(50) = -34 dB) CLIENT +27.5 + (-0.5) + 8 + (-40) + (-34) + (-15) + (-12) + 0+ (-0.5) = -66.5 dBm Fade Margin (-12 dB)

40. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 40 Client to AP Link Budget Example Rx Tx Rx Signal (dBm) Antenna Gain (+8 dBi) Cable Loss (-0.5 dB) Tx Signal (dB) EIRP (+12.5 dBm) Window Loss (Metallized) (-15 dB) CLIENT +15 + (-0.5) + (-40) + (-34) + (-15) + (-12) + 8 + (-0.5) = -79 dBm Fade Margin (-12 dB) Distance Loss 50M (-40 dB first meter) (-20log(50) = -34 dB) Cable Loss (-0.5 dB) Tx Power (+15 dBm)

41. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 41 802.11n Download Reach

42. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 42 802.11n Upload Reach

43. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 43 43 Any Questions? You now understand: –Antenna types and coverage patterns –How information is modulated –What factors affect the effective radio wave propagation Module summary Module 2 Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Ericsson Carrier-Grade Wi-Fi Solutions

44. Slide title 44 pt Text and bullet level 1 minimum 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 minimum 20 pt Characters for Embedded font: !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:; ?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUV WXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~¡ ¢£¤¥¦§¨©ª«¬®¯°±²³´¶·¸¹º»¼½ÀÁÂÃÄÅÆÇÈËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒÓ ÔÕÖ×ØÙÚÛÜÝÞßàáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõö÷ øùúûüýþÿĀāĂăąĆćĊċČĎďĐđĒĖėĘęĚěĞğĠġĢģĪī ĮįİıĶķĹĺĻļĽľŁłŃńŅņŇňŌŐőŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţ ŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘșˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲ ỳ–— ‘’‚“”„†‡…‰‹›⁄€™ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞ ĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤ ŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș−≤≥fifl ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊΰ αβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦ ЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐә ǽ Ẁ ẁẂẃẄẅỲỳ№ Do not add objects or text in the footer area Ericsson Internal | 2012-04-02 | Page 44 Hidden slide for page alignment 44