1. Imperialism &
America's Rise
To World
Power

2. When a stronger nation takes control of a weaker nation.
Imperialism
When a stronger nation takes
control of a weaker nation.

3. Reasons for US Expansion Included that the USA wanted:
Expansionism
Reasons for US Expansion Included that the USA wanted:
1. More Natural Resources
2. More Markets in which to sell goods
More Military Bases and Power
To spread Christianity

4. Colonialism Annexation Protectorate
Control of a powerful nation over dependent territories
Annexation
To take over a territory/ country with plans of making it part of your own country
Protectorate
When a stronger nation agrees to “protect” a weaker nation

5. US IMPERIALISM OF THE LATE 1800’s
Latin America:
Monroe Doctrine
guided US
policy
Alaska:
US bought from
Russia for
$7.2 million
Pacific:
Missionaries
were a strong
influence
US IMPERIALISM OF THE LATE 1800’s
Africa:
US pushed
OPEN DOOR POLICY
Mexico:
US ousted the
French
(Benito Juarez)

6. U.S. ACQUIRES ALASKA
1867, Sec. of State William Seward arranged for the purchase of Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million
Many called it “Seward’s Icebox” & “Seward’s Folly”
U.S. bought Alaska for 2 cents an acre
Alaska is rich in timber, minerals, & oil
Alaska

8. U.S. TAKES HAWAII Important economically to U.S. for centuries
To avoid tariffs, sugar growers pleaded for annexation
Value of the Islands – built a naval base at Pearl Harbor (1887)
Led by Sanford Dole, U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 & it became a state in 1959

9. Wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”
Alfred Thayer Mahan:
Wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”
Said if you have a modern & powerful navy, you will become a world power.

10. The Spanish-American War of 1898
Underlying Causes
*Cuban desire for independence
*Jose Marti
Secondary Causes
*Sugar Tariff
*Yellow Press
*Concentracion Camps
Triggers
*De Lome Letter
*Sinking of the USS Maine
Events in the Philippines
*Admiral Dewey
*Manila Bay
Events in Cuba
*T.R. & the Rough Riders
*Santiago Bay

11. Yellow Journalism
Type of journalism that used large headlines, sensational stories, & comics. The reporters often exaggerated their reports to get readers.

12. Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst
Created the New York newspaper The World.
Competed for readers & fans of Yellow Journalism
William Randolph Hearst
Published the New York newspaper The Journal.

13. De Lôme Letter
Insulted President McKinley & caused many Americans to be upset with the Spanish gov’t!

14. U.S.S MAINE EXPLODES
1898, President McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine to Cuba to bring home U.S. citizens in danger
Feb. 15, the ship blew up in the Havana Harbor
260+ men were killed
Before
After

15. Yellow Press blamed Spain for the explosion
Yellow Press blamed Spain for the explosion. 78 years later, US Navy claimed that a malfunction in the ship’s boiler room caused the explosion.

16. War in the Philippines
U.S. forces surprised Spain by attacking the Philippines
11,000 Americans joined forces with Filipino rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo

17. WAR IN THE CARIBBEAN
Naval blockade of Cuba was followed by a land invasion, highlighted by TR’s Rough Rider victory at San Juan Hill
Next, U.S. Navy destroyed the Spanish fleet & paved the way for an invasion of Puerto Rico

18. TR
Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders were the heroes of the US Army in Cuba
More US soldiers died because of bad American meat ( “The Jungle”) than by Spanish bullets

19. US Navy destroyed the Spanish Navy at Manila Bay in the Philippines under Admiral George Dewey. We also destroyed the Spanish Atlantic Fleet at Santiago Bay, Cuba.

21. U.S. Wins!!!!!
U.S. & Spain signed an armistice, ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war”
The war lasted only 16 weeks
Treaty of Paris, 1898

22. Treaty of Paris December 1898 Spain surrendered all claim to Cuba
Ceded Puerto Rico & the island of Guam to the United States
Sold the Philippines to the U.S. for $20 million dollars

23. ACQUIRING NEW LANDS
Puerto Rico wanted independence– but U.S. had other plans
Puerto Rico was important to the U.S. strategically
U.S. set up a civil gov’t, full citizenship, & a bicameral system

24. Today , U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
CUBA & THE U.S.
U.S signed an agreement with Cuba known as the Platt Amendment (1903)
Key features of “Platt”
right of the U.S. to maintain naval stations on Cuba
right to intervene in Cuban affairs
Cuba had become a “protectorate” of the U.S.
Today , U.S. has a prison in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba

25. U.S. troops fire on rebels
FILIPINOS REBEL
Filipinos reacted with rage to U.S. annexation
1899, Rebel leader Emilio Aguinaldo vowed to fight for freedom
3-year war
20,000 Filipinos died
4,000 American lives
$400,000,000 (20x the price the U.S. paid for the land)
U.S. troops fire on rebels

26. VS. Imperialism Anti-Imperialism
We should keep new territories from Spain for 2 reasons:
Enhance US trade & new markets
Fulfill our mission in the world to spread democracy, capitalism, & Christianity
Taking control of new territories is contrary to principles of the US Constitution.
(Makes us look like a bunch of hypocrites!)

27. Involvement in Pacific
Desire to aid
less fortunate
people.
“White man’s
burden.”
More land
Economic gain by
increasing markets
Reasons for U.S.
Involvement in Pacific
In Late 19th &
Early 20th
Centuries
Spread
Christianity
Spread
Democracy

28. US wanted free & equal trade in China (everyone gets their fair share)
Open Door Policy
VS.
Spheres of Influence
US wanted free & equal trade in China (everyone gets their fair share)
Europe & Japan wanted to carve China up like a big pie (each country gets their own piece, no sharing)

29. “Speak softly & carry a big stick”
Roosevelt Corollary
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, it stated “we are the police of the Western Hemisphere”.

31. Panama Canal
U.S. took over construction of the Canal from France who could no longer afford it. The US started in 1904 & finished in 1914.
US helped Panama gain independence from Colombia. In return, Panama gave us permission to build a canal through the isthmus.
Panama Canal decreased travel time from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.

32. Panama Canal
Biggest threat to workers on the Panama Canal was the mosquito. The mosquito was a carrier of malaria & yellow fever.
Dr. William Gorgas figured this out & had the Canal Zone sprayed to kill off the mosquitos.

33. The Panama Canal Today

35. “Substituting dollars
Dollar Diplomacy
U.S. policy of using the nation’s economic power to exert influence over other countries.
“Substituting dollars
for bullets.”