1. Because grammar is fun 
Grammar Review
Because grammar is fun 

2. Clauses: a group of words with a subject and a verb
What is a sentence?
Two types of clauses:
Independent: forms a complete thought and can stand on its own.
Dependent: cannot stand on its own
Although Fido was usually frisky, he was unusually quiet and pensive during the photo shoot.

3. Linking Clauses and Sentences
Commas
FANBOYS!
AAAWWUBBIS
Subordinating Conjunction
What does subordinating mean?

4. ence . Sent , interrupter, Use two commas to set off an interrupter.
Interrupter = any sentence part that could be inserted into a sentence and which must be set off with commas.
Use two commas to set off an interrupter.
ence .
Sent ,
interrupter,

5. For
And
Nor
But Or
Yet So
Tucker was a trucker.
He was stuck in the muck.
He was out of luck.
He was in Winnemucka.

6. Subordinating conjunctions
AAAWWUBBIS
lthough s
fter
hile
hen
ntil/Unless
ecause
efore f
ince

7. Knowing when to use commas
“Openers”
Interrupters
Adding clauses/phrases to the end of a sentence

8. Participles = an ing verb (or a series of ing verbs) tagged on to the beginning or end of a sentence.
A participial phrase is the ing verb plus its modifiers and complements.

9. Gerund = a verbal that ends in –ing and functions as a noun.
Traveling might be something you enjoy.
1. Why isn’t this a participle?
Gerund = a verbal that ends in –ing and functions as a noun.

10. Participles
Gerunds
Functions as an adjective
Set off by commas by:
Coming at the beginning of a sentence
Interrupting a sentence as a nonessential element
Coming at the end of a sentence (but it is separated from the word it modifies).
Used as a noun
Virtually never requires punctuation

11. Appositive
noun or pronoun -- often with modifiers -- set beside another noun or pronoun to explain or identify it
Keith, the boy in rumpled shorts and shirt, did not know he was being watched as he entered room 215 of the Mountain View Inn.

12. Use a comma to set off an opener.
Opener, sentence .

13. Sentence Structures A. Simple Sentences:
1. Has one independent clause and no subordinate clause
Tucker was a trucker.

14. I was next in line for lunch.
Compound sentences: 2 or more independent clauses but NO subordinate clauses.
I was next in line for lunch.
Joseph cut in front of me.
Sentence ,
FANBOYS
sentence .

15. Complex sentences: one independent clause + one subordinate clause.
When summer comes to the North Woods, time slows down.
AAAWWUBBIS
Opener, sentence .

16. Compound-complex sentence: two or more independent clauses + one subordinate clause
While my son was playing video games, I ate his last piece of pizza, and it was delicious.