1. This day in History April 6 th, 1889 - George Eastman places Kodak Camera on sale for 1st time

2. Chap 27 Civil rights movement

3. I.The early years A. 13 Amendment 1. 1865, ends slavery B. 14 th Amendment 1. 1868, Everyone born in US is a citizen. 2. Due Process Clause/Equal Protection Clause C. 15 th Amendment 1. 1870, right to vote for all men.

4. D. NAACP-, founded in 1909 by W.E.B. Dubois

5. 1. Segregation across the country (2 types) De jure (law) De facto (custom)

6. E. WWII Changes 1. A. Philip Randolph called for a March on Washington July 1, 1941. 1925, 1 st Black labor union

7. 2. Executive order 8802 ends segregation of Government employment. (March Cancelled) 3. CORE- 1942, Congress of Racial Equality. Change in peaceful confrontation, organizing sit- ins.

8. F. Court Decisions 1. 1883 Civil Rights Cases- said private citizens were free to discriminate 2. 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson allows “Separate but Equal” in public facilities. 3. 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Separate cannot be equal, and Provides legal ground for Civil Rights Movement.

9. 4. NAACP, lawyer Thurgood Marshall argued the case. Become the first African American Supreme Court Justice in 1967.

10. II. Major turning point A.Emmett Till’s death( Aug 25 th, 1955) 1. No one found guilty of crime.

13. This day in History. April 9 th, 1865 Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered to Gen. Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House. Read more: This Day in History: April 9 http://www.infoplease.com/dayinhistory/April- 9#ixzz3WoJqdvm2

14. B. Montgomery Bus Boycott 1.Dec, 1955 Rosa Parks, refuses to give up her seat on bus. 2.Boycott lasts over a year.

15. C. Little Rock 9 1. 1957, Civil Rights Act (gives power to protect voting rights) 2. 1957, Governor of Arkansas,Orval Faubus, sent National Guard to stop the children from entering schools.

17. 3. Eisenhower sends federal troops (101 st Airborne) to enforce school desegregation at Little Rock Central High School.

18. 1997, Elizabeth Eckford and Hazel Massery 40 years reunion.

19. 4. 1960, Ruby Bridges, 1 st to attend grade school

20. D. “Sit-ins”

21. IV. Struggle continue A. Freedom rides ( May 1961) 1.Riders boarded in Washington D.C. 2.Anniston, Al a white mob firebombed the bus.

23. B. Ole Miss Integrated (1962) 1.James Meredith enrolls. (with NAACP President Mississippi, Medgar Evers)

24. V. Government responds a.Change and Violence (1963) 1. President Kennedy promises Civil Rights Act.

26. 2. June, 1963 Medgar Evers shot and killed.

27. b. MLK Jr. 1. Aug 1963, “I Have a Dream” speech in Washington. Over 250,000 attend.

30. 2. Nov., 1963 Kennedy is killed in Texas.

31. c. Lyndon Johnson 1.June 1964, Civil Rights workers killed in Mississippi. 2. Passes, Civil Rights Act of 1964

32. 3. 24 th Amendment (1964) bans poll tax. 4. Voting Rights Act of 1965, eliminates literacy test to vote.

33. D. 1966 1. June 1966, James Meredith shot in Memphis 2. 1966 Texas Western (UTEP) wins NCAA National Title defeating Kentucky

34. VI. New Turn to Violence A.Malcolm X 1. Idea of a Black Nation, and enemy was the white man.

35. 2. Feb. 1965 shot and killed in New York, by members of Nation of Islam. Elijah Muhammad was leader Nation of Islam.

36. B. Race Riots 1.Aug, 1965 Watts, Ca. one week after voting rights act signed. Lasts 6 days kills 34 and over 1100 wounded.

37. C. 1968 1. April 4 th, MLK Jr. shot and killed by James Earl Ray.

38. 2. June, Bobby Kennedy killed in California. (shot by Sirhan Sirhan)

40. 3. Black Panthers- Founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton, Want African Americans to lead the rebuilding of communities

41. 5. 1968, “Black Power” Tommy Smith and Jon Carlos show support at Olympics in Mexico City.

42. e. Lynching of Michael Donald 1.1981, Alabama found a African male not guilty of murder of a police officer. 2.1983 Henry Hays, and James Knowles found guilty.

43. 3. Henry Hayes was executed in 1997. First time a white man had been executed for a crime against an African American since 1913 in Alabama.