2. 1914-1918: The World at War 1914-1918: The World at War

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. Causes of the War

5. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

8. Europe in 1914

9. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

10. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe

13. What is Pan-Slavism?  Pan-Slavism: theory and movement intended to promote the political or cultural unity of all Slavs.Slavs  Slavs include the Poles, the Czechs, the Slovaks, the Serbs, the Croats, Russians, Ukrainians, and Belorussians  Religion is usually either Eastern Orthodox or Roman Catholic

14. The “ Spark ”

15. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

16. The Assassination: Sarajevo

17. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

18. Who’s To Blame?

19. The Schlieffen Plan

20. German Atrocities in Belgium

21. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

22. Recruitment Posters

23. A Young Australian Recruit

24. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

25. New French Recruits

26. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

28. Women and the War Effort

29. Financing the War

30. For Recruitment

31. Munitions Workers

32. French Women Factory Workers

33. German Women Factory Workers

34. Working in the Fields

35. A Woman Ambulance Driver

36. Red Cross Nurses

37. Women in the Army Auxiliary

38. Russian Women Soldiers

39. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

40. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

41. Australian Poster

42. American Poster

43. Financing the War

44. German Poster Think of Your Children!

45. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

46. A Multi-Front War

47. The Western Front

48. Trench Warfare

49. “No Man’s Land”

50. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

51. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

52. War Is HELL !!

53. Sacrifices in War

54. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

55. The Eastern Front

56. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

57. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

58. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

59. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

60. The Tsar with General Brusilov

61. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

62. Sikh British Soldiers in India

63. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

64. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

65. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

66. America Joins the Allies

67. The Sinking of the Lusitania

68. The Zimmerman Telegram

69. The Yanks Are Coming! The Yanks Are Coming!

70. Americans in the Trenches

71. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

72. French Renault Tank

73. British Tank at Ypres

74. U-Boats

75. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

76. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

77. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

78. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

79. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

80. The Zeppelin

81. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

82. Poison Gas Machine Gun

83. “ Art ” of World War I

84. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

85. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

86. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

87. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

88. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

89. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

90. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

91. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

92. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

93. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

94. World War I Casualties

95. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

96. Turkish Genocide Against Armenians Districts & Vilayets of Western Armenia in Turkey 19141922 Erzerum215,0001,500 Van197,000500 Kharbert204,00035,000 Diarbekir124,0003,000 Bitlis220,00056,000 Sivas225,00016,800 Other Armenian-populated Sites in Turkey Western Anatolia371,80027,000 Cilicia and Northern Syria309,00070,000 European Turkey194,000163,000 Trapizond District73,39015,000 Total 2,133,190387,800