1. English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. English Essentials John Langan Beth Johnson More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks Chapters Twenty-Nine and Thirty

2. More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Special Uses of the Apostrophe apostrophes Use an apostrophe and an s to form the plurals of each of the following: 1. Letters. (Jedd always got A’s in Spanish.) 2. Numbers. (My address has many 8’s in it.) 3. Words used as words. (The chorus of that song has a lot of baby’s in it.)

3. More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Do Not Use The Apostrophe Possessive pronouns and possessive adjectives do not use apostrophes. –We can recognize an Appaloosa by its distinct spots. –The spurs are ours.

4. More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Special Uses of Quotation Marks ÀTo set off from the rest of a sentence. ÀTo set off special words or phrases from the rest of a sentence. Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy bar and a bag of corn chips. ÁTo. For this purpose, use single quotes. ÁTo mark a quote within a quote. For this purpose, use single quotes. Jamie said, “My favorite short story is ‘Twirling’ by Carolyn Murphy.”

5. More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Quotation Marks and Other Punctuation Periods and commas at the end of a quotation always go INSIDE the quotation marks. Semicolons and colons at the end of a quotation always go OUTSIDE the quotation marks. Question marks and exclamation points go OUTSIDE the quotation marks only if they apply to the entire sentence. Otherwise, they go INSIDE. Ex.: Frank wondered, “Where is the ship taking us?” Ex: What will happen when I say, “Shazam”?

6. More on Apostrophes and Quotation Marks English Essentials ©2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 UNDERLINE UnderlineUnderline the titles of long works: –books (The Sun Also Rises) –magazines (Newsweek) –newspapers (USA Today) –movies (Titanic) –plays (Death of a Salesman) –television series (The Simpsons) –record albums (Nevermind) NOTE: Printed material can use italics instead of underlining.