1. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 6 Learning Part One

2. I CAN Identify the major terms used in the psychological study of learning. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

3. Behaviorists vs. Cognitive Psychologists Behavioral Learning only occurs with behavior since we can observe behavior All things which organisms do — including acting, thinking and feeling —should be regarded as behaviors Forms of learning, such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning, that can be described in terms of stimulus and response Cognitive The behavioral view is too limiting… one must consider mental processes in learning that cannot be seen Includes processes such as memory, association, concept formation, language, attention, perception, action, problem solving and mental imagery

4. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Instinct Behavior Instinct Behavior Innate behaviors... not greatly influenced by experience Without learning we would have to depend upon reflexes and instincts

5. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Habituation A simple form of learning Learning NOT to respond to a stimulus that is repeated. Ignoring traffic noise if you live on a busy street

6. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Habituation is important in filtering the large amounts of information received from the environment. By habituating to less important signals, an animal can focus on the most important features of its environment Prairie dogs give alarm calls when mammals, large birds, or snakes approach. When prairie dog towns are located near trails used by humans, giving alarm calls every time a person walks by is a waste of time and energy for the group.

7. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Mere Exposure Effect A learned preference for stimuli to which we have been previously exposed… even if they were unpleasant The more often a person is seen by someone, the more pleasing and likeable that person appears to be. Humans prefer stimuli to which they have been previously exposed to

8. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

9. Complex Forms of Learning 1. Classical Conditioning Connections between TWO stimuli Example: Associating the 11:52 am bell with lunch BEHAVIORS ARE INVOLUNTARY 2. Operant Conditioning Connect actions with rewards and punishment Example: Training a dog to climb trees

10. CAN I? Identify the major terms used in the psychological study of learning. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007