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Phylum Arthropoda
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Jointed Legs
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Number of species Mollusca Chordata Platyhelminthes Nematoda
Arthropoda Porifera Annelida Echinodermata Sarcomastigophora Apicomplex Ciliophora
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Characteristics of Arthropods
Jointed appendages Extensive variation and adaptations(antennae, legs, wings. Mouthparts) Segmented (metameric) tagmatation- fusion of segments to form body regions(head, thorax, abdomen; cephalothorax in some) Open circulatory system Ventral nerve cord Compound eyes Bilateral symmetry Exoskeleton Ecdysis- “an escape” - growth by molting
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Arthropods Most Successful Animals
Number of species Diversity Distribution Longevity
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Reasons for Success Versatile exoskeleton Segmentation
Oxygen piped directly to cells (terrestrial) Highly developed sensory organs Complex behavior Metamorphosis
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Modifications of Exoskeleton
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Modifications of Exoskeleton From A Life of Invertebrates, Copyright © 1979, W. D. Russell-Hunter.
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Compound Eye
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Metamorphosis: complete-
Metamorphosis: complete- egglarvapupa adult incomplete- eggnymphadult
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Monarch Butterfly Egglarva (caterpillar)pupa (in chrysalis) adult
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Arthropod Groups Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Class Trilobita- extinct trilobites Subphylum Chelicerata Class Merostomata – horseshoe crabs Class Arachnida- spiders, mites, etc. Subphylum Mandibulata Class Myriapoda- centipedes, millipedes Class Insecta- insects Class Crustacea- lobsters, crabs, etc.
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Subphylum Trilobitomorpha
Trilobites Successful for 300 million years Extinct 200 MYA One pair of antennae appendages
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Subphylum Chelicerata
Chelicerae( fangs) No antenna No mandibles 4 pair of walking legs 1 pair of pedipalps
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Class Merostomata Limulus Carapace Telson
Dates back to Triassic 245 MYA Carapace Telson Blood used by pharmaceutical companies to test for endotoxins and pathogens
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Fig. 18.2a
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pedipalps Walking legs Fig. 18.2b Spines
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Class Arachnida Spiders Scorpions Ticks Mites All Have book lungs
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Class Arachnida Chelicerae (fangs) 1st pair of appendages around mouth- often with poison No antennae 4 pair of walking legs 2 body segments (cephalothorax + abdomen) Except mites & ticks Most are predators Inject enzymes into prey Suck fluid into pharynx
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Arachnid Body Regions Prosoma or Cephalothorax Ophisthosoma or Abdomen
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Order Scorpionida Large pedipalps Abdominal stinger
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Order Scorpionida Large pedipalps Abdominal stinger Photo (a) © SS#11/PhotoDisc
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Order Araneae Spiders Fangs with poison glands Silk glands
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Fig. 18.4
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Fig. 18.5
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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Arachnid Book Lung
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Dugesiella Tarantula
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Latrodectus mactans Black widow spider Neurotoxin
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Loxosceles reclusa Fiddle back spider Necrotoxin Brown recluse Brown
Violin Necrotoxin
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Loxosceles reclusa Necrosis of tissue
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Day 3
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Day 4
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Day 5
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Day 6
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Day 9
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Day 10
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Order Acari Ticks Mites Body segments fused
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Ticks are vector High fever Headache Muscle pain Rash BEGINS ON EXTREMETIES 25% fatal without antibiotics
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Dermacentor variabilis
Dog tick Dermacentor andersoni Wood tick
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Fig
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Dermatophagoides Dust mite Allergies to fecal products
1 gram of dust holds 250,000 droppings
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Trombicula Chigger mite Larva feed on skin Dermatitis
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Subphylum Mandibulata
Class Myriapoda centipedes and millipedes Class Insecta most diverse animal class flies, bees, beetles, ants, etc. Class Crustacea crabs, lobster, barnacles, copepod
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Subphylum Mandibulata
Two pair of antennae (anterior to feeding appendages) Third segment bear mandibles (jaws for chewing or grinding) Compound eye
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Class Myriapoda “many appendages”
Fewer than 10 to hundreds of appendages Millipedes (mostly herbivorous + plain in color) Centipedes ( colorful, carnivorous)
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Class Insecta(FKA-Hexapoda)
Most biodiverse class of animals Only invert.s that can fly Distinctive head, thorax, abdomen Typically –three pair of legs (6) Have metamophosis
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Class Crustacea Biramous appendages- separate into two rays
3 pairs modified as mouth parts Two pair antennae Naupliar larval stage Crabs, copepods, crayfish, barnacles, lobster, shrimp, pill bugs
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Class Crustacea: Pill Bug
Only crustacean that is entirely terrestrial “rollie pollies”
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Fig c
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Fig c
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Copepod
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Barnacle Cirri Testis Penis Anus Mouth Stomach Ovary Cement gland
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Fig a Fig a
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Fig. 19.1
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Crayfish
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Fig. 19.2a
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Fig. 19.2b
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Gonopods 2. Opening of vas deferens(duct for sperm release) Opening of oviduct 4. Seminal receptacle (opening used to accept sperm for fertilization)
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Fig. 19.5 Fig. 19.5
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Fig. 19.6
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Fig. 19.7 Fig. 19.7
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The End
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