1. 2006: MB Alternatives Being Developed in GA University of Georgia Tifton Campus

2. Methyl Bromide Critical Use Exemption

3. PRICE OF BROMIDE!

4. Loss of Methyl Bromide

5. OBJECTIVE Develop and implement economical fumigant alternatives to MB

6. Telone II fb Chloropicrin fb Vapam 2006 2004

7. Viable MB Fumigant Alternatives 1.MIDAS (methyl iodide plus chloropicrin) 2.DMDS (dimethyl disulfide plus chloropicrin) Trade Name will be Accolade 3.Telone II fb chloropicrin fb Vapam

8. MB Alternatives Research on LDPE 1.MIDAS (50:50 at 350 lb/A broadcast) 2.DMDS (79:21 at 74 G/A broadcast) 3.Telone II (12G) fb chloropicrin (150 lb) fb Vapam (75 G) 4.MB (67:33 at 350 lb/A broadcast) 5.None

9. FumigantsLDPE MB$929 T2/Pic/Vapam$698 DMDS MIDAS$2108 Culpepper’s Cost of Fumigant and Mulch Per Acre of Land (32” bedtop, 5 ft center) HUGE ASSUMPTION MB 67:33 is $3.75/lb.

10. Telone II fb Chloropicrin fb Vapam 2006 2004

11. MIDAS, Bromide, Pic and DMDS

12. Applications of Telone II

13. Chloropicrin

14. Metam Application

15. Non- treated

16. MIDASMB

17. DMDS3 Way

18. SpringFall None86 b96 c MIDAS0.8 a1 a MB0.0 a3 ab DMDS2.5 a11 b 3 way5.0 a11 b Number of Purple Nutsedge Plants Per Plot at Harvest (1 bed 25 feet). 2006

20. Alternative Mulches

21. No fumigant

22. MB 350 lb/A Broadcast LDPEMetalized

23. MIDAS 350 lb/A Broadcast LDPEMetalized

24. DMDS 750 lb/A Broadcast LDPEMetalized

25. Number of Nutsedge Emerged Through Mulch with Methyl Bromide Applied Under LDPE or Metalized Smooth Mulch. 4 WAT. LTF, Fall 2005. a d b c Plots were 3 beds by 1500 row feet. Counts made on 3 beds 400 row feet.

26. How Do Alternative Mulches Work? MB

27. How Do Alternative Mulches Work?

28. High Concentration MB How Do Alternative Mulches Work?

29. FumigantsLDPEMetalized/VIF MB$929$857 MIDAS$2108$1380 DMDS T2/Pic/Vapam$698$898 Culpepper’s Cost of Fumigant and Mulch Per Acre of Land (32” bedtop, 5 ft center) Assumption: Rate of MB/MIDAS can be reduced 40% when applied under metalized/VIF mulch.

30. * Large On Farm Trials * *

31. Treatments (Large Plot Efforts) 1.Telone II fb chloropicrin fb Vapam 2.MB (methyl bromide plus chloropicrin)

33. MB3 Way Nutsedge2.4 a0 a Purslane0.2 a1.0 a Pitted MG6.0 a4.6 a Smallflower MG0 a0.1 a Palmer amaranth 0.2 a0 a Weed Response to MB Alternatives

34. Harvested 3 trials 1.Pepper 2.Cantaloupe 3.Tomato

38. YIELDS MB did not beat 3 Way at any location

39. 1. Do I need Telone, Pic, and Vapam? Other Options?

40. Telone II (12 G) fb Chloropicrin (150 lb) fb Vapam (75 G) V4-05, 60 DAT

41. Telone II (12 G) fb Vapam (75 G) V4-05, 60 DAT

42. Telone C35 (35 G) fb Pic (150 lbs) V4-05, 60 DAT

43. MB3 Way Pic/ Vapam Telone/ Vapam Nutsedge7 c15 bc38 b85 a Weed Response to MB Alternatives Bill Brim – Lewis Taylor Farms

44. Issues With Alternatives 1.Interval between fumigating and planting.

45. VIFLDPE Telone II fb chloropicrin Transplanted 21 DAT

46. 1.Interval between fumigating and planting. 2.Color of mulch impact on growth. Issues With Alternatives

47. LDPEMSVIF MIDAS83% cd105% ab64% ef MB100% bc105% ab67% def DMDS94% bc115% a71% def 3 way94% bc106% ab69% def Soil105 F white 99 F silver 112 F grey Pepper Fruit Relative to MB. Fall 2006.

48. LDPEMS Pooled over 5 fumigant systems 24.0 a20.5 b Soil84 F68 F Pounds of Pepper For Harvest 1 and 2 in Spring Trial. Pooled Over Fumigants.

49. Issues With Alternatives 1.Interval between fumigating and planting. 2.Color of mulch impact on growth. 3.Life span of alternative mulch.

52. Issues With Alternatives 1.Interval between fumigating and planting. 2.Color of mulch impact on growth. 3.Life span of alternative mulch. 4.Higher price of alternative mulch.

53. Issues With Alternatives 1.Interval between fumigating and planting. 2.Color of mulch impact on growth. 3.Life span of alternative mulch. 4.Higher price of alternative mulch. 5.Application Procedures

54. Soil Properties and Application Method Will Play A Crucial Role Picture provided by Tony Weiss, Dow Agro.

55. Issues 1.Interval between fumigating and planting. 2.Color of mulch impact on growth. 3.Life span of alternative mulch. 4.Higher price of alternative mulch. 5.Application Procedures 6.Spring vs. fall application in GA

56. Bigger Issue than Loss of MB?

57. BUFFER RESTRICTIONS FOR ALL FUMIGANTS

58. Cooperators On Farm Cooperators Coggins Farms Lewis Taylor Farms Southern Valley Produce Application Help Hendrix and Dail John Mirusso Industry AmVac Arysta Cerexagri Dow Agro