1. Stratospheric Circulation of Jupiter Xi Zhang 1,2 R. L. Shia 2, A. P. Showman 1, and Y. L. Yung 2 1 LPL, University of Arizona, United States 2 California Institute of Technology, United States Supported by Bisgrove Postdoctoral Scholar Fellowship Apr 11, 2013, Wien

2. Outline Introduction Derive the stratospheric circulation based on Cassini and Voyager data Problem and possible solutions

3. Based on Sieff et al. (1998) ? Brower (1949), Dobson (1956), Figures from Seinfeld and Pandis (2006) Jovian Stratosphere Residual mean meridional circulation/ Horizontal eddy mixing Earth

4. How to derive the circulation pattern? Dynamical Simulation (requires wave properties) Diagnostic Approach (based on diabatic heating rate map) Conrath et al. (1990); West et al. (1992); Moreno and Sedeno (1997) Tracer Approach (based on tracer distributions and 2 - D chemical transport model) Friedson et al. (1999); Liang et al. (2005); Lellouch et al. (2006)

5. Diagnostic Approach Conrath et al. (1990) West et al. (1992) Radiatively Driven Mechanically Driven Without Aerosol Heating With Aerosol Heating

6. Tracer Approach Liang et al. (2005) Lellouch et al. (2006) Diffusional transport dominates, based on SL - 9 dust data (Friedson et al., 1999) and C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 6 data (Liang et al., 2005) Horizontal advection is not negligible, based on SL - 9 HCN and CO 2 data (Lellouch et al., 2006)

7. This Study Zhang et al. (2013a) Temperature and tracer maps from Cassini CIRS + Voyager IRIS spectra (Zhang et al., 2013a) Global stratospheric aerosol map from Cassini ISS data (Zhang et al., 2013b) Revisit both approaches Zhang et al. (2013b) ~10 nm

8. Diagnostic Approach Without Aerosol Heating With Aerosol Heating West et al. (1992) This study: Aerosol heating effect is significant

9. Tracer Approach State - of - art Caltech/JPL 2 - D chemical transport model, validated against analytical solutions (Zhang et al., 2013c) Residual circulation pattern derived, advection is not negligible. Observation Model with

10. Two patterns are not consistent Diagnostic ApproachTracer Approach Uncertainties in the radiative diabatic heating rate ? Atmosphere not in steady state? Possible missing chemistry?

11. Test possible polar ethane source Assume there is a strong ethane source (10 times larger than the photochemical source) from ion - chemistry in the aurora region Observation Model with horizontal mixing

12. Summary Residual mean meridional circulation pattern(s) derived based on: (1) radiative diabatic heating rate map (2) tracer distributions and chemical transport model Two patterns are not consistent Possible solutions are discussed Diagnostic ApproachTracer Approach