1. 4 h December 2015 Bengaluru The Energy and Resources Institute New Delhi Energy Efficiency Improvements in Indian Brick Industry Sachin Kumar 04/12/2015

2. Contents  About TERI  UNDP-GEF brick project: Energy Efficiency Improvements in Indian Brick Industry  Indian Brick Sector 04/12/2015

3. About TERI  Independent not-for-profit research organization, pursuing activities related to energy, environment, and sustainable development  HQ in Delhi (India) with regional centers in Bangalore, Goa, and Guwahati  Presence in Dubai, Malaysia, and Japan. Affiliate institutes: TERI ‑ NA, USA & TERI ‑ Europe, UK  TERI University focusing on environmental and sustainability studies 04/12/2015

4. Indian Brick Industry *The estimate of number of clamp kilns in operation can vary significantly depending upon the market demand. Clamp kilns are not registered and are not members of any industry associations. 04/12/2015

5. Energy Efficiency Improvements in Indian Brick Industry Goal To reduce energy consumption, and restrict GHG emissions by creating appropriate infrastructure for sustained adoption of new and improved technologies for production and use of resource efficient bricks in India Outcomes Enhancing public sector awareness on resource-efficient products Access to finance for brick kiln entrepreneurs Improved knowledge on technology, including marketing Availability of resource-efficient technology models in 5 clusters through Local Resource Centres Improved capacity of brick kiln entrepreneurs 04/12/2015

6. Enhancing Public Sector Awareness Access to financeImproved knowledge on technology Availability of resource efficient technologies Improved capacity of brick kiln entrepreneurs Short video film on “Construction practices with REBs” Report on structural stability using REBs (IIT- Roorkee) Test results of physical properties of REBs 2 DPR for Southern region. 3 DPR for Northern region Report on ‘Barriers to options for accessing finance’ by brick kiln entrepreneurs Report on benefits of using REBs Web based construction manual Manual on better construction practices with REBs under preparation Approach paper on REBs Suitability of soil for REB production (NIIST) Technology profile of brick production (IZF Brick and Tile Research Institute, Essen, Germany) Brochure highlighting project details and benefits of producing and using REBs Video film on mason training program Project web-site (http://www.reso urceefficientbricks.org )http://www.reso urceefficientbricks.org Knowledge Material Developed 04/12/2015

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8. MGNREGA – labour shortage Increased awareness on energy and environment issues – Switching over to mechanisation – Adoption of alternate walling materials – Changing buyer expectations Increasing fuel prices – Adoption of best practices – Use of locally available fuel and increased use of agricultural residue Entry of multinational brick manufacturers/ technology suppliers Drivers for Change 04/12/2015

9. Future Scenario  Brick industry (in the vicinity of urban areas) is expected to undergo a major transition Upgradation in process technology Moulding (semi-mechanized) Drying (under shed, artificial)  Firing (better annular kilns, tunnel kilns)  Large capital investments  Organised, permanent, year-round operation  Diversification of products  Partial substitution of manual labour with mechanical power/electricity 04/12/2015

10. Product Diversification  Production of Resource Efficient Bricks (REBs) Perforated Bricks Hollow Blocks Relevant IS Codes:  IS 2222 : 1991 – Specifications for burnt clay perforated building bricks  IS 3952 : 2013 – Specification for burnt clay hollow bricks for walls and partitions (Third revision) 04/12/2015

11. Why REBs 04/12/2015

12. Use of REBs 04/12/2015

13. Key Challenges  Lack of awareness among Producers : brick kiln entrepreneurs Users: Architects, builders, government construction bodies  Present construction practices  Lack of technology suppliers for mechanisation  Absence of local service providers 04/12/2015

14. Thank You The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi, INDIA Tel. 0091 (011) 24682100, 51504900; Fax. 0091 (011) 24682144, 24682145 sachink@teri.res.in www. teriin.org 04/12/2015