1. Next Chapter 4 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World History: Patterns of Interaction Europeans explore and colonize the Americas, disrupting native civilizations, and build the slave trade to support plantations in the New World. The Atlantic World, 1492-1800

2. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction The voyages of Columbus prompt the Spanish to establish colonies in the Americas. Spain Builds an American Empire Section-1

3. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Spain Builds an American Empire Section-1 The Voyages of Columbus First Encounters Genoese sea captain Christopher Columbus reaches Americas (1492) Thinks he is in East Indies, calls natives “los indios”—Indians Actually lands on an island, probably the Bahamas Unable to find gold, he claims land for Spain Continued…

4. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Spain Builds an American Empire Section-1 The Voyages of Columbus In 1493, he sets out for the Americas again with a large fleet Spain aims to set up colonies— lands controlled by a foreign nation Continued…

5. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Other Explorers Take to the Seas Pedro Álvares Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal (1500)

6. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Amerigo Vespucci identifies South America as new continent (1501) In 1507, German mapmaker names the continent America

7. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Vasco Núñez de Balboa reaches the Pacific Ocean Later executed in a power struggle

8. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Ferdinand Magellan leaves to sail around the world (1519) Magellan is killed, but some of his men return to Spain in 1522 When Victoria, the one surviving ship, returned to the harbor of departure after completing the first circumnavigation of the Earth, only 18 men out of the original 237 men were on board.

9. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction

10. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Conquistadors In 1519, Hernando Cortés — Spanish adventurer—lands in Mexico He and others become known as conquistadors— Spanish conquerors Section-1 Conquistadors

11. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Conquistadors Cortés Conquers the Aztecs Cortés and 600 men reach Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán By 1521, they conquer Aztec empire Montezuma thought Cortes was the god Quetzalcoatl

12. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Conquistadors Cortés Conquers the Aztecs Conquest aided by superior weapons and Native American allies European diseases wipe out large numbers of Aztecs

13. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 The Spanish Conquests in Peru Another Conquistador Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro leads force to Peru in 1532 Pizarro Subdues the Inca Pizarro kills Atahualpa—Inca ruler—and defeats the Inca

14. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Spain’s Pattern of Conquest Spanish men and Native American women have children Result is large mestizo—mixed Spanish and native—population Encomienda system—Spanish force Native Americans to work for them

15. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 The Portuguese in Brazil In 1530s, Portuguese settle in Brazil, begin growing sugar and importing African slaves

16. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Growth of Spanish Power Conquests in Americas bring great wealth to Spain Spain enlarges its navy to protect ships carrying treasure

17. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Conquistadors Push North Juan Ponce de León claims Florida for Spain (1513)

18. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction

19. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction

20. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction J. Michael Francis, a historian at the University of South Florida, St. Petersburg who has spent decades studying the Spanish colonies in the Americas, says no mention of a Fountain of Youth occurs in any known documents from Ponce’s lifetime, including contracts and other official correspondence with the Crown. In fact, Ponce’s name did not become connected with the Fountain of Youth until many years after his death, and then only thanks to a Spanish court chronicler out to discredit him. Read more: http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ponce-de-leon-never-searched-for-the-fountain-of-youth- 72629888/#hjjYrl42fglchuYS.99 Give the gift of Smithsonian magazine for only $12! http://bit.ly/1cGUiGv Follow us: @SmithsonianMag on Twitter

21. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 In 1540s, Francisco Coronado explores Southwest, but finds little gold Catholic priests set up missions in Southwest of what is now the USA and in Florida from San Augustine to the Apalachicola River In early 1600s, Spanish establish capital of Santa Fe

22. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction

23. Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 4 World History: Patterns of Interaction Section-1 Opposition to Spanish Rule Protests Against Mistreatment Catholic priests protest mistreatment of Native Americans African Slavery and Native Resistance Spain abolishes encomienda (1542) Need for workers in mines and on farms met with enslaved Africans Some Natives resist conquerors