1. FP6-511513 OntoGrid: Paving the way for Knowledgeable Grid Services and Systems www.ontogrid.net February 2006 Semantic-OGSA: A Semantic Grid Reference Architecture Carole Goble, Pinar Alper, Oscar Corcho The University of Manchester

2. 2S-OGSA “To realise the Next Generation Grid requires semantically rich information representation, the exploitation of knowledge, and co-ordination and orchestration that is aware of context and task” David Snelling, NextGRID, Fujitsu, GGF Ontologist

3. 3S-OGSA An extension of the current Grid in which information and services are given well-defined and explicitly represented meaning, so that it can be shared and used by humans and machines, better enabling them to work in cooperation Exposing semantics to be more:  Flexible, Extensible  Configurable  Decoupled, Interoperable  Transparent, Reusable  Open  Accelerated  Other good words Semantic Grid Workshop, Wed 1.30pm http://www.semanticgrid.org

4. 4S-OGSA Service Oriented Knowledge Utilities  Next Generation Grids Expert Group Report 3 (NGG3) published January 2006  Converged vision of Next Generation Grids and Service Oriented Knowledge Utilities  Service Oriented –services may be instantiated and assembled dynamically  Knowledge –knowledge-assisted to facilitate automation, and processing and delivering knowledge  Utility –directly and immediately useable service with established functionality, performance and dependability Ecosystem of Dependable, Knowledge-aware, Societal, Autonomic, Stateful services

5. 5S-OGSA Exposed Explicit Semantic Descriptions are Manageable Resources  Knowledge is a Commodity.  Semantic Infrastructure to go with the Grid Infrastructure.  It has a representation, a state, a life cycle and a life time, an access policy, an owner, it changes, it can be integrate and aggregation.  It gets produced and consumed.  It gets used and stored and destroyed. A Semantic Data Grid

6. 6S-OGSA Service Oriented Knowledge Utilities Grid Aware Knowledge Services Provisioning Semantics Services Semantic Grid Entities OntoGrid A systematic investigation into Semantic Grid Architecture http://www.ontogrid.net

7. 7S-OGSA Open Grid Service Architecture  Categories of Services  Infrastructure  Data  Resource Management  Execution Management  Security  Self Management  Information  What can semantics provide?  Flexible and extensible schemas, Data fusion support (e.g. Provided by RDF)  Resistance to frequent syntactic changes  Formalization & Reasoning support  Eliminate chronic dependence on human- intervention  Cross cutting  Interoperable  VO level  Optimized  Reliable  Certain QoS Guarantee  Scalable  Available  Extensible  XML based vocabularies & XSD based typing dominate

8. 8S-OGSA Applications SecurityDatabaseWorkflowFile SysDirectory Web Services OGSA Enabled ServersStorageNetwork OGSA Enabled OGSA Infrastructure Semantic Provisioning services Semantic Provisioning services Grid Service Grid Service Grid Service OGSA Architected Services Grid App Grid App From OGSA to Semantic-OGSA

9. 9S-OGSA Applications SecurityDatabaseWorkflowFile SysDirectory Web Services OGSA Enabled ServersStorageNetwork OGSA Enabled OGSA Infrastructure OGSA Architected Services S-OGSA Infrastructure Semantic Provisioning services Semantic provisioning services Semantic Aware GS Semantic Aware GS Semantic Aware GA Grid Service Grid App From OGSA to Semantic-OGSA

10. 10S-OGSA Desiderata – a thing of elegance and beauty Architecture as lightweight as possible: minimise the impact Extensible and customisable as opposed to complete and generic architecture Everything is OGSA compliant Mixed ecosystem of Grid and Semantic Grid services Straightforward migration path Any resource can have multiple descriptions and any description can be in different formalisms Conceptual: reference architecture that can be applied to any grounding (GT4, etc.)

11. 11S-OGSA S-OGSA is... A Semantic Grid reference architecture A low-impact extension of OGSA Mixed ecosystem of Grid and Semantic Grid services Defined by  Information model New entities  Capabilities New functionalities  Mechanisms How it is delivered Model Capabilities Mechanisms provide/ consume expose use

12. 12S-OGSA Semantic Annotations Reasoning

13. 13S-OGSA S-OGSA Model and Capabilities Knowledge Grid Semantic Grid

14. 14S-OGSA Optimization Execution Management Resource management Data Security Information Management Infrastructure Services Application 1Application N delegates extends refers composes OGSA Semantic-OGSA Semantic Services delegates From OGSA to the S-OGSA

15. 15S-OGSA Optimization Execution Management Resource management Data Security Information Management Infrastructure Services Application 1Application N delegates extends refers composes OGSA Semantic-OGSA Semantic Services delegates Ontology Reasoning Knowledge Metadata Annotation Semantic binding Semantic Provisioning Services From OGSA to the S-OGSA Service Oriented Architecture!!

16. 16S-OGSA It won’t work unless …  Core Semantic Services  Semantic provisioning services like: ontologies, semantic annotation services, semantic encoding services, metadata repositories, decision making services  Robust and scalable, capable of dealing with distribution  Knowledge aware & enabled Grid Services  Re-factoring Grid services to be knowledge consumers and suppliers  Migration methodologies and mixed ecosystems  Core knowledge content  Grid resource ontology, Application content  Extensible

17. 17S-OGSA Grid resource ontology

18. 18S-OGSA WS-DAI Message Patterns Behavioural Properties WS-DAIOntWS-DAIX XML WS-DAIR Relational WS-DAIO-RDF RDF Specific WS-DAIO-OWL OWL specific WS-RDF JenaSesame Atlas S-OGSA Model and Capabilities

19. 19S-OGSA S-OGSA Architecture and the new Category of Capabilities

20. 20S-OGSA S-OGSA Mechanisms Knowledge and Metadata As Manageable Resources

21. 21S-OGSA S-OGSA Mechanisms: S-StatefulServices Lifetime Notification State/properties metadata... WSRF defined operations getProperties queryProperties Metadata Service Ontology Service Resource Metadata Seeking Client 3 1 2 Semantic Binding Ids Retrieval Request Semantic Binding Ids Metadata Retrieval/Query Request 4Query/Retrieval Result 5 Obtain schema for Semantic Bindings

22. 22S-OGSA OntoKit: Refactored and additional components Coordination and negotiation Intelligent Debugging Coordination and negotiation Intelligent Debugging Semantically Aware

23. 23S-OGSA Authorization Service Service resource Ontology Development Tool Is John Doe authorized? Resource Request HR Dept. VO Policies Dept. Institutions Departments, Titles Roles Subject John Doe RD F Metadata Service John Doe is an insurer at Boyd, has this DN, etc.. Role Op Mapping Ontology Service Reasoning Service Obtain properties of John Doe Obtain current role definitions Infer the roles John Doe plays Lookup whether resource can be accessed YES/NO P R O V I D E R C O N S U M E R VO Formation TimeVO Run Time Mapping Generation Provider 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Annotation Service PDP PEP PIP

24. 24S-OGSA International Insurance Settlement. secure and reliable market based car damage claim settlement. Satellite Missions data quality analysis and data configuration.

25. 25S-OGSA Semantic Grid Workshop Wednesday 13.30  S-OGSA as a Reference Architecture for OntoGrid and for the Semantic Grid Pinar Alper, Oscar Corcho, Ioannis Kotsiopoulos, Paolo Missier, Sean Bechhofer, Dean Kuo, Carole Goble  Improving a Satellite Mission System by means of a Semantic Grid architecture Manuel Sánchez-Gestido, María S. Pérez-Hernández, Rafael González- Cabero, Asunción Gómez-Perez  Semantic Grid Resource Discovery using DHTs in Atlas Manolis Koubarakis, Zoi Kaoudi, Iris Miliaraki, Matoula Magiridou, Antonios Papadakis-Pesaresi  WS-DAIOnt: Ontology Access Provisioning in Grid Environments Miguel Esteban Gutiérrez, Asunción Gómez-Pérez, Oscar Muoz García, Boris Villazón Terrazas http://www.ontogrid.net

26. 26S-OGSA S-OGSA and Use Case Process Applications Use Cases UniGrids, RealityGrid Schloss Dagstuhl Workshop Intelligent Debugging Data Integration and annotation VO formation Middleware Use Cases Scenarios Architecture dimensions Lifecycle Representation Technical Scenarios Templates Semantic Grid dimensions Data and resources Metadata Process management Services Security

27. 27S-OGSA  Principles for a Semantic Grid architecture.  A proposed Semantic-OGSA Reference Architecture and model for Provisioning Semantics and Semantic Grid Entities  An implementation of S-OGSA in Globus Toolkit 4  Protocols for auction & negotiation between services to reach agreements, and self-organise  WS-DAIOnt framework for ontology access extending the WS-DAI specification.  Ontologies for Virtual Organisations, Grid Resources, provenance and our application domains  Tools for annotation of Grid Resources with semantic descriptions and provenance using RDF metadata.  Atlas - P2P based distributed storage, querying and update of RDF(S) metadata.

28. 28S-OGSA Questions  Malcolm Atkinson  Constraints on the consistency of bindings over the same Grid Entity  Pre- and Post- conditions on transformation services  Parametric conditions on WSDL (WSMO)  Ian Foster  Security attribute assertions are a kind of annotation service