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Published byBenjamin Charles Modified over 9 years ago
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Artificial Transmutation The man made synthesis of radioactive isotopes Created via bombardment of atomic nuclei with high energy particles via a particle accelerator 1.Protons 2. Alpha Particles 3. Other Charged Nuclei Alpha, beta, and positron decay are natural transmutation
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Particle Accelerators Two types 1. Cyclotron 2. Linear Accelerator Purpose is to give particles enough kinetic energy to overcome nuclear repulsion
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Cyclotron
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Linear Accelerator
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What would happen if the Large Hadron Collider (a particle accelerator) produced a microsingularity (black hole)?
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Be Equations 4 9 H+ 1 1 Li 3 6 +He 2 4 The sum of the subscripts and superscripts on the right and left must be equal Al 13 27 + He 2 4 P 15 30 + n 0 1 n 0 1 +Al 13 27 Na 11 24 + He 2 4
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Nuclear Fission A heavy nucleus is split into two smaller nuclei with release of energy Mass is converted to energy (E = mc 2 ) n 0 1 U 92 235 +Kr 36 92 Ba 56 141 ++3n 0 1
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Nuclear Fission Uncontrolled fission is an atomic bomb C ontrolled fission is a nuclear power plant
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Chain Reaction
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Nuclear Fusion Two lighter nuclei are fused to form a heavier nucleus The process that occurs in stars and thermonuclear weapons (hydrogen bombs) H 1 1 4 He 2 4 + e 0 2 + energy (E = mc 2 ) H 1 2 2 He 2 4 + energy (E = mc 2 )
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Hydrogen Bomb Explosion
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Uses of Radioisotopes T racers 1. Carbon-14 for photosynthesis 2. Iodine-131 for thyroid disorders 3. Technetium-99 for diagnosis of brain tumors 4. Carbon-13 for real-time brain imaging (PET Scan) 5. 1-4 all have short half-lives (Why is this important?)
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Uses of Radioisotopes Radiation therapy for cancer Irradiation of food R adioactive dating 1. Carbon-14 for dating organic remains 2. Potassium-40 for dating rocks 3. Uranium-238 for determining the age of the earth
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Dangers of Nuclear Materials Long half-lives nuclear waste products Radiation poisoning C ancer Nuclear Weapons
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