2. The Changing Earth UNIT 4 REVIEW Layers of the Earth Plate Movement Rock Cycle Practice Test Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition In the presentation, click to return to this screen, and click to access the online videos.

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4. 1 2 3 4 crust: the thinnest, outermost layer of the Earth _______________________________________ The Earth’s crust is made of hard rock, and is the only layer of the Earth that can sustain life. _______________________________________ Facts: least dense and coolest layer of Earth mantle: the thickest layer of the Earth located beneath the crust _____________________________________________ The Earth’s mantle is composed of molten (melted) rock called magma. _____________________________________________ Facts: magma from the mantle sometimes flows out of the crust through volcanoes outer core: the layer of hot liquid metal surrounding the Earth’s inner core ______________________________________________ The Earth’s outer core is found between the solid iron inner core and the mantle. ______________________________________________ Facts: the liquid metal in the outer core is made of nickel and iron inner core: Earth’s innermost layer made of solid iron ______________________________________________ The Earth’s inner core is thought to be made of solid iron. This is due to the extreme heat, pressure, and material density. ______________________________________________ Facts: the core is the hottest, has the highest pressure, and the most dense layer of the Earth Layers of the Earth

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6. Next Slide Click on the icon to access the vocabulary cards. Click the icon to watch the introduction video. Next Slide

7. transform : when two of the Earth’s plates slide past one another __________________________________ At transform plate boundaries, the sliding of the plates often causes earthquakes to occur. Next Slide Plate Movement Previous Slide

8. divergent : when two of the Earth’s plates pull apart from each other __________________________________ At divergent plate boundaries, the pulling apart of the Earth’s plates often results in magma pushing to the Earth’s surface to create new crust (volcanoes). Next Slide Plate Movement Previous Slide

9. convergent : when two of the Earth’s plates push together __________________________________ At convergent plate boundaries, the colliding of plates often forms mountains. Plate Movement Previous Slide

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11. igneous rocks : rock that forms from melted rock that cools and hardens (lava) ________________________________ Igneous rocks, which form when magma cools and hardens, include obsidian, pumice, granite, and basalt. sedimentary rocks : rock that forms when sediments get cemented together from pressure ____________________________ Sedimentary rocks often contain fossils of past organisms and include limestone, shale, conglomerate, and sandstone metamorphic rocks : rock that forms due to extreme heat and pressure changing an existing rock __________________________________ Metamorphic rocks, formed from high amounts of heat and pressure, include marble, quartzite, gneiss, and slate. igneous sedimentary metamorphic The Rock Cycle

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13. Next Slide Click on the icon to access the vocabulary cards. Click the icon to watch the introduction video. Next Slide

14. weathering : the breaking down of rocks on Earth’s surface into smaller pieces __________________________________ Weathering may include: tree roots breaking up rocks, water causing rocks to hit against each other, and sand being blown by wind to break down rocks. Next Slide Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Previous Slide

15. erosion : the process of moving sediment from one place to another __________________________________ Erosion is often caused when fast moving water currents carry pieces of rock downstream. Next Slide Previous Slide Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition

16. deposition : the dropping or settling of eroded materials __________________________________ Following erosion, when water or wind begins to slow, the leaving of the heavier materials in a different area is called deposition. Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition Previous Slide

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18. The following slides contain practice questions for the Changing Earth Unit 4 Assessment Begin the Practice Assessment

19. Click Here to Check Your Answer Highlight and drag the types of rocks to the correct location on the Rock Cycle diagram. The Rock Cycle Next Question

20. Next Question The rock shown in this picture is most likely ____________ because fossils are present. Sedimentary Metamorphic Igneous A B C Previous Question

21. Joe looked at the diagram to the right in a science book he found in the library. From the picture he determined that the following information was true. Click all that apply. This area was once covered by water. The rock being shown was igneous. The fossil on layer 3 was older than the one on layer 1. The fossil on layer 1 was the oldest. Next Question Previous Question

22. Rock TypeHow it is formedExamples … when magma (lava) cools and hardens granite and pumice … extreme heat and pressure changes an existing rock’s properties quartzite and gneiss … layers of sediment get cemented together and harden shale and sandstone Rock TypeHow it is formedExamples igneous rock… when magma (lava) begins to cool obsidian and granite metamorphic rock… extreme heat and pressure changes an existing rock’s properties quartzite and gneiss sedimentary rock… layers of sediment get cemented together and harden shale and sandstone Highlight and drag the types of rocks to the correct location on the rock chart. Click Here to Check Your Answer Next Question Previous Question

23. According to this map, we are currently located on the ___________ Plate. Pacific Eurasian North American African A B C D Next Question Previous Question

24. Highlight and drag the types of plate movement to the correct diagram. Click Here to Check Your Answer Next Question Previous Question

25. In science class, Sammy was asked to describe what natural events commonly occur at the different plate boundaries. He knew that volcanoes were common at divergent boundaries (because the plates separated and magma flowed up to the Earth’s crust), mountains could be seen at convergent boundaries (because the plates collided together), and __________ often occurred at transform boundaries when the plates slide past one another. Volcanoes Hurricanes Earthquakes Mountains A B C D Next Question Previous Question

26. Impact on the EnvironmentSituation a farmer planting trees on his land to prevent erosion burning fossil fuels like coal for power deforestation – clearing trees for building projects oil spills caused by offshore drilling Highlight and drag the impact that each situation has on the environment. Impact on the EnvironmentSituation positivea farmer planting trees on his land to prevent erosion negativeburning fossil fuels like coal for power negativedeforestation – clearing trees for building projects negativeoil spills caused by offshore drilling Click Here to Check Your Answer Next Question Previous Question

27. A canyon, like the one shown, is an example of the process called ________, where sediment is moved from one area to another. Condensation Evaporation Fusion Erosion Previous Question A B C D Next Question

28. Highlight and drag the layers of the Earth to the appropriate box. inner core outer core mantle crust Click Here to Check Your Answer

29. Click the icon to return to the main menu. Each question was worth 10 points (no partial credit). -1 = 90% A-6 = 40% F -2 = 80% B-7 = 30% F -3 = 70% C-8 = 20% F -4 = 60% D-9 = 10% F -5 = 50% F-10 = 0% F