1. Internal events – ( Inside Parliament) Grey/Whigs in power - reformers Tories oppose reform Passage of Bill – difficult – frightening? 1832 reform Act Whigs extend franchise redistribute seats Bill does not change things much. Why passed? Expediency? – Reform that ye may preserve? Principle? – Move towards democracy External Factors Radical ideas Middle class radicals Radical ideas Working class demands Fear of Revolution Swing Riots Riots after Second Bill rejected So Expediency or principle? External or Internal? 1832

2. Internal events –(Inside Parliament) Liberals resign 1866 Derby/Disraeli/Tories in power Disraeli needs reform – 1866 Bill Some Tories resign Liberals amend Bill – Disraeli does not mind Bill passed – extends franchise to some w/c Redistribution of seats (25 to Counties) Tories credited with passing reform Does it change who holds power/ External Factors Demands for More form from Radicals Inside + outside parl Gladstone converted to Franchise extension Population changes Urban expansion W/C more responsible? Hyde Park riots So Expediency or principle? External or Internal? 1867 Trade Union campaign Am Civil War

3. Internal events – Gladstone/Liberals in power Gladstone needed Reform Bill as social reform was lacking. Put forward Reform Bill. Tories in Lords rejected it. Crisis. Threat to get rid of House of Lords. Salisbury – Arlington House Compromise – Passed [a] 1884 Reform Bill and [b] 1885 Redistribution Bill. [a] extends franchise to all w/c men [b] Changes constituencies – creates ‘villa Toryism’ – Tories get MP’s in towns External Factors Demands for More form from Radicals Inside + outside parl So Expediency or principle? External or Internal? 1884/5