1. Chronic Disease Risk Factors

2. Chronic Disease Risk Factors
Behavioral
Intermediate
Background

3. Chronic Disease Risk Factors continued
Social & economic conditions
Environment
Cultures
Urbanization

4. (Health Canada, 2015)

5. Obesity

6. Obesity rank by country
NationMaster.com, 2012

7. Contributing Factors Portion Sizes Physical Inactivity Genetics Media
Technology

8. (Brownell, 2006)

9. Contributing Factor: Inactivity
What is the recommended amount of daily activity?
Schools and PE
Sedentary Workplaces
Communities
“We have engineered activity out of our lives” (TWON, 2012)

10. Contributing Factor: Advertising
“Toxic advertising”
Health claims on food
TV time has increased

11. (Center for Media Literacy, 2011; Heidi Cody, 2000)

12. Obesity & Stigma
A lot of bias exists when it comes to those who are overweight or obese.
Health care workers
Employment opportunities
Media
Children

13. Just getting people more active…
“Better to be fat and fit, than skinny and un-fit.” (Dr. Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 10)
Exercise and…
Dementia
Depression
Autoimmune Disorders such as Fibromyalgia
Helping patients – “Health at every size” (Bacon & Aphramor, 2011)
“No amount of exercise is insignificant.” (Dr. Robert Sallis, 2014, pg 26)

14. Tobacco

15. Tobacco
Between 1964 and 2014:
Over 20 million Americans died because of smoking
2.5 million nonsmokers
More than 100,000 babies
Smoking is still the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the U.S.
“The Health Consequences of Smoking: 50 Years of Progress”

16. An evolving process…
“If excessive smoking actually plays a role in the production of lung cancer, it seems to be a minor one.”
The National Cancer Institute, 1954
“Tobacco use imposes enormous public health and financial costs on this nation – costs that are completely avoidable.”
Kathleen Sebelius, Secretary of Health & Human Services, 2010

17. Source:Mokdad AH, Marks JS
Source:Mokdad AH, Marks JS. Actual causes of death in the United States, JAMA 291

19. Smoking and chronic disease
Responsible for more than heart and lung disease:
13 different types of cancer
Smoking and reproduction
Diabetes, eye disease, immune system

20. Warnings were to appear Sept. 2012 but….
Thoughts?
Warnings were to appear Sept but….
(FDA.gov, 2011)

21. Alcohol

22. Alcohol and Chronic Disease
3rd leading lifestyle-related cause of death
How does alcohol contribute to chronic disease?
Short-term health effects
Long-term health effects

23. Other risk factors?

24. SLEEP! Lack of sleep is associated with:
Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, depression and cancer.
(CDC, 2009)

25. Vitamin D deficiency Deficiency associated with:
Increased risk of cancers, heart disease, endocrine disorders, and osteoarthritis.
Vitamin D as prevention

26. Prevention Prevent, prevent, prevent But how????
Individual education /
motivation
Government policy
Built environments

27. Ecological Model Public Policy Community Institutional or
Organizational
Interpersonal
Individual