1. 1 PBS-Nevada Presents: Building Cooperative Behavior Nevada Disabilities Conference July 20, 2015 Ashley Greenwald, M.A., BCBA Christine O’Flaherty, M.S., BCBA

2. Nevada PBIS Nevada Positive Behavior Interventions and Support Technical Assistance Center Project areas: –Individual & family behavior support (state funded) –School-Wide PBS (federally funded) –Organization/Agency PBS PBS-NV Individual and Family Support is a statewide collaboration between: –Fund for Healthy Nevada (PBS funding statutory) –Nevada Aging & Disability Services –Nevada Center for Excellence in Disabilities at UNR

3. The Tools You Will Learn Today 1. Arrange the environment 2. Offer choices 3. Stay close 4. Pivot 5. Use reinforcement

4. WHAT IS BEHAVIOR

5. What is Behavior? Building Cooperative Learning Everything a person does is behavior- thoughts, feelings, and actions. It can be observed and measured! It is a result of past and present experiences. …but the most important thing is what happens AFTER behavior!

6. Ways In Which Acting-out Behavior Manifests  Running away  Physical/Verbal aggression  Verbal abuse  Serious confrontations  Threats  Sexually  Vandalism  Defiance  Non-Compliance  Withdrawn (Bos & Vaughn, 2002; Colvin, 2004)

7. Behavior Myths and Truths Myths S/He is just doing that: to annoy me to be naughty to be mean because of a disability “Kids do well if they want to” Truths S/He is trying to: communicate something get what they want S/He doesn’t know any other way “Kids do well if they can”

8. How do we Normally “Treat Behavior?” Respond once a negative behavior occurs Ignore those that are doing the “right thing” Develop treatments around consequences Attribute the problem behavior to the person

9. How are Behaviors Learned? AntecedentBehavior Consequence

10. Functions of Behavior Behavior Get Get Away Attention Tangible (objects, activities) Sensory 10

11. The Behavior Scale Desired BehaviorProblem Behavior

12. PREVENTION STRATEGIES 12

13. Start Tipping The Scale With Supportive Environments! 13 Desirable Behaviors Undesirable Behaviors The more we PREVENT problem behavior. The more our scales will tip in the right direction Environment

15. Creating Optimal Environments Gather information Think ahead Be Prepared Create predictable routines Offer choices*

16. Examples Of Arranging The Environment! A) setting up group activities before the children arrive so they can go straight to something B) Having a variety of activities available so that there is more likely to be something that everyone will enjoy C) Ensuring that there aren't places that aren't easily supervised available to the kids Pick the best example

17. Keep Tipping The Scale With Choices! 17 Desirable Behaviors Undesirable Behaviors Environment Choices

18. Offer Choices We all like to have some say about what we do and when! What are some choices you made today?

19. Choices Can… Increase the likelihood of complying with instructions Build self-determination Gives the individual a sense of control over their environment

20. Why We Tend to Limit Choices “Bad choices” could be harmful Not knowing how to offer choices to individuals who have limited language, limited understanding Response time in making choices 20

21. Choice Examples What you want: “Go play ball” Choice: “What do you want to do? You can either play a game or go outside.” What you want: “Go play and make friends” Choice: “Do you want to try art with Mike or play ball with Sara?” What you want: “Go to the bathroom” Choice: “Do you want to go to the bathroom now or when we leave to the fieldtrip”

22. Examples Of Choice! A) The choices should all be acceptable B) The choices should be as open as possible in a situation C) The choices shouldn't be aversive Pick the best example

23. Keep tipping the scale with Stay Close! Building Cooperative Learning 23 Desirable Behaviors Undesirable Behaviors The more we PAY off appropriate behavior by attending to it..the more our scales will tip in the right direction Stay Close Environment Choices

24. Stay Close What is “Stay Close”? Attending to your assigned group by frequently: being near, being attentive, just talking, and listening

25. Some Steps for Stay Close –Staying calm –Neutral voice –Positive interactions –Listening –Light touch –Use empathy 25

26. Individual Less Angry Less Aggressive More Positive More Minding Have More Fun Feel More Secure Happier Caregiver Recognize good behavior and ignore bad Show lots of positivity and attention Are less angry Have less power struggles Have more fun Are happier! Positive Cycle

27. Examples of Stay Close! A) Stay genuine B) Promotes open discussion so when something important comes up you are more likely to be informed about it C) The more involved you are the better you will be able to anticipate and avoid possible problems through environmental arrangement Pick the best example

28. Let’s Tip the Scales with Pivot! 28 Desirable Behaviors Undesirable Behaviors Stay Close Pivot Environment Choices

29. When we withhold our attention during the occurrence of junk by turning to someone something else, we call this “pivoting.” When we see junk, we turn to desirable behavior or activities. 29 Pivot

30. Steps to Pivot 1. Do not say anything about the junk behavior! Examples: Do not say “stop that now!” or “quit doing that!” 30

31. Steps to Pivot 2. Do not do anything to react to the junk behavior –Examples: Rolling your eyes, stomping out of the room, and crossing your arms. 31

32. Steps to Pivot 3. Actively attend to another person, or activity Examples: praise another individual for behaving appropriately 32

33. Steps to Pivot 4. Provide REINFORCEMENT for the appropriate behavior to the individual who displayed junk as soon as you see appropriate behavior. –Examples: praise, high five, item and privilege Building Cooperative Learning 33

34. Remember…... Stay Cool Building Cooperative Learning 34

35. What’s An Example Of Junk Behavior? A) Whining B) Eye rolling C) Complaining D) All the above Pick the best example

36. Really Tip the Scales with Reinforcement! Building Cooperative Learning 36 Desirable Behaviors Undesirable Behaviors Use Reinforcement Stay Close Pivot Environment Choices

37. Increase Positive Interactions Catch the individual being good! Provide positive attention and praise more often than negative (or punitive) attention. Have fun!

38. What is Praise? Praise looks like… –Wink –Smile –Pat on the back –High five –Others?? Praise sounds like… “You are playing so well together!” Initiate positive interactions: –Asking if assistance is required –Asking to join in! Providing positive feedback regarding appropriate behavior 5:1 Ratio of positive to negative statements*

39. 5:1 Ratio  Individuals should experience positive interactions (ratio of 5 positives for every 1 negative)  Positive Interactions=  Praise statements and Encouragement statements  Negative Interactions=  Corrective statements  Neutral Interactions =  Instructional statements

40. Redirect then Reinforce While you’re looking for children to “catch being good,” you may find children making the wrong choices – then what? Instead of attending to the inappropriate behavior, redirect the child to a more appropriate activity or behavior –Tell them what to do instead, rather than what NOT to do!

41. Positive Reinforcement Is: A) Introducing something following a behavior that gets you more of that behavior B) It should be something the individual likes, not just something you do C) If you are seeing more of the behavior you don't have a reinforcer Pick the best example

42. PBS-NV & PARENT VOICE 42

43. PBS-NV Family Support Workshops Funded by DHHS Fund for Healthy Nevada

45. Thank You! We hope you enjoyed this training! Visit our website for additional resources and to explore our topic specific courses! www.nevadapbis.org Like us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/pbsnv 45