1. BEYOND THE 5 SENSES 19 SENSES???

2. Science formally acknowledges that human have at least 11 senses and some list 19 or more. Input receptor which provides information to the brain. 12 pairs of cranial nerves branching out from the brain assist in this. Dependent on 6 senses, all which directly have direct connections to the brain. Others utilize information in a different manner

3. SENSES OF LIVING THINGS Senses are the physiological methods of perception. A system that consists of a group of sensory cell types that corresponds to a particular group of regions within the brain where the signals are received and interpreted. One commonly recognized categorisation for human senses is as follows: chemoreception; photoreception; mechanoreception; thermoception. It is believed that all human senses fit into one of these four categories.

4. PRIMARY SENSES 5 PRIMARY SENSES VISION HEARING TASTE TOUCH SMELL

5. SIGHT Uses visible radiant energy from 380 nm to 750 nm. Separate senses for color and brightness Connect to the pineal gland for melatonin and circadian rhythm 90% of our environmental observations

6. HEARING Senses loudness and pitch, and rhythm Mechanical in nature Infrasound vs ultrasound = 20 vps to 20,000 vps

7. TOUCH Pressure Shape Temperature Dryness vs wetness Movement

8. TASTE Dryness Metallicness Temperature Sweet Salty Sour Bitter Umami (savory) Fatty acids? Calcium?

9. SMELL Hundreds of different receptors in the nasal cavity of which the sense of taste is dependent.

10. KINESTHETIC GEOTROPIC KINESTHETIC GEOTROPIC (Equilibrioception or proprioception) The 6 th sense in science is actually thought to be the sense of balance (not extrasensory). Angular momentum Linear acceleration Relative position

11. NOCICEPTION or PAIN SENSATION Pain receptors in skin, joints, bones, and internal organs. Nociceptors are silent receptors and do not sense normal stimuli. Merkel’s receptors. Uses separate sense receptors from touch. Chemo pain slow vs thermal or mechanical events are faster. Sometime hard to determine location i.e. heart attack, sciatica pain

12. REPETITIOUS MOVEMENT Vestibular or repetitous movement are learned motor of a pattern nature are stored in the premotor cortex – a memory bank for skilled motor activities.

13. TEMPERATURE or THERMOCEPTION Molecular motion – the greater the heat energy, the higher the temperature. Skin and hypothalamus (regulated internal body temperature) Heat = above body temperature and cold below body temperature

14. EIDETIC IMAGERY Neuroelectrical image retention or photographic memory.

15. MAGNETIC OR MAGNETOCEPTION Ferromagnetic orientation gives someone a good sense of direction. Birds, bees, and turtles with humans vary in magnetite deposits in brain

16. INFRARED Long electromagnetic waves or heat waves which are limited in human.

17. SHORT ELECTORMAGNETIC WAVES Ultraviolet waves involved in such things as suntan, or sunburns.

18. IONIC Airborne ionic charges which can affect attitude and accuracy.

19. VOMERONASAL Pheromonic sensing or the influence of phermones. Phermones are chemical that triggers a natural behavioral response in another member of the same species. Pheromonic sensing

20. PROXIMAL Physical closeness or your personal space.

21. ELECTRICAL Surface charge such as static electricity. Cell phones, microwaves ovens, and nearby high voltage power lines.

22. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE Atmospheric pressure and the influence on behavior and pain on joints.

23. GEOGRAVIMETRIC Sensing mass differences or estimating size.

24. TIME Circadian rhythms or a sense of time. Jet lag Medication can interfere with a sense of time