4. Peace of Westphalia Ended the thirty years war Religion/territorial conflict General European Peace/Settle International Issues France Gained territory Hapsburg Family Loss of control of HRE Won independence Switzerland Sweden Germany territories Under the Holy Roman Emperor Not unified

5. Hapsburg Austria Kept Holy Roman Emperor Title Expand territory Bohemia Austria Italian States Poland Extreme diversity Language, currency, government Could never develop centralized government

6. Maria Theresa Charles VI had no male heir Maria Intelligent and highly capable Charles wanted daughter to have the throne Trouble persuading other nations War of Austrian Succession Frederick II (Prussia) sized Austrian Lands Maria gathered troops from Hungary, Britain and Russia Preserved empire gained support of her people Strengthened Hapsburg Power Bureaucracy Improve taxes Nobles and Clergy pay taxes

7. Hohenzollern Prussia New Protestant power United German nations – Prussia Set up efficient central Bureaucracy Frederick William I Gained loyalty of Prussia Nobles (Junkers) Government and military positions Large emphasis on military

8. Frederick II Trained from a young age from his father Preferred music and poetry over war and leadership Frederick wanted to flee and not rule the empire Father kept him imprisoned and made him watch executions Frederick the Great Became kind in 1740 Military training helped immensely Prussia became a great military power

9. The Seven Years War AKA, The French and Indian War Austria, France and Russia VS. Britain and Prussia First time Russia plays a major role in European affairs 1 st war between the oceans – global war Mainly started over colonial and Austrian Succession vendettas Battled to a stalemate on the continent Real winner was again, England, who crushed France and kicked them out of N. America Austria lost nothing for starting this mess and stayed in power