1. AP World History Mr. Charnley

2. Nation-State Cultural homogeneity Citizen loyalty Common language and culture Political division Protestant Reformation Thirty Years’ War Seven Years’ War Consent of the governed

3. Political Reform 1600-1750 Rise of science Collapse of feudalism Religious Warfare Thirty Years’ War Weakened power of church and nobility Increased power of monarchs

4. France Dissolved assemblies Destroyed castles of nobility Created bureaucracy Professional military

5. Louis XIV The ‘Sun King’ “I am the state” Promoted arts and sciences Palace of Versailles Mercantilism Promote domestic economy and taxation Avoid trade with foreign nations Colonies provide raw materials to, and trade exclusively with, mother country Religious persecution Revoked Edict of Nantes

10. Spain Imitated French model Tight control over Latin America Prussia Eastern Germany Strong army and bureaucracy Frederick I the Great Austria-Hungary Habsburgs Pushed Ottoman Empire out of Europe Maria Theresa Reformed education, military, economy Promoted agriculture and trade

11. Political Reform Monarchs shared power with representative assemblies Centralized state Assemblies made up of nobility and wealthy elites Representative bodies designed to protect interests of the citizens Revolts could overthrow bad rulers

12. England English Civil War 1642 Parliament vs. Monarch Charles I executed Oliver Cromwell becomes dictator 1680 religious toleration granted to all Protestants The Restoration Brought back monarchy Charles II Habeas Corpus Glorious Revolution Parliament stronger than the monarch William and Mary English Bill of Rights

13. Ottoman Empire Balkan Peninsula Habsburg Empire Austria Hungary Bohemia (Czech, Slovakia) Prussia Poland

15. Kievan Rus Mongolian tributary Duchy of Moscow Local princes worked for Mongols Russian nobility adopted Mongolian culture Maintained Christian religion

16. Kievan Rus Byzantine heritage ‘Third Rome’ Head of Greek Orthodox Church Ivan III the Great Freed Russia from Mongol control Militaristic Boyars Princes given land by czar for military service Owned peasants who lived on land = serfdom

17. Ivan IV the Terrible Oppressed boyars Expansionist Cossacks = Peasant warriors hired to conquer and settle new lands Multicultural empire

18. Romanov Dynasty Westernization Close cultural and economic ties to Europe Sold raw materials for manufactured goods Brought in European artists and architects Time of Troubles 1604-1613 Civil war Foreign invasions = Poland and Sweden Boyars elect Romanov family as czar

19. Romanov Dynasty Michael Drove out foreign invaders Expansionist Ukraine Alexis Abolished boyar assemblies Placed Greek Orthodox Church under state control

20. Peter I the Great Westernization Military reform = professional army and navy and secret police Retain Russian culture Autocracy Centralized tsarist power Limited aristocratic influence Training institutions for bureaucrats Revised legal codes and tax system Expansionist Attacked Ottoman Empire = Crusader ideology Defeated Sweden = access to Baltic Sea

21. Westernization Economic Reform State-controlled manufacturing Used serfs as laborers Cultural Reform Improved upper-class women’s rights Western-style clothing Russian ballet

22. Westernization Reforms limited to upper- class Reforms were selective Controlled strictly by czar Excluded commoners Designed to empower government Intended to support military expansion Unpopular Commoners resented westernized nobility and new expenses Nobility preferred Russian culture to Western European

23. Catherine II the Great German-born = Prussian Westernization Enlightenment Legal reform Serfdom Increased power of boyars Enslavement of serfs

24. Catherine II the Great Expansionist Colonized Siberia Claimed Alaska Expeditions to California Foreign policy Partition of Poland Divided between Russia, Austria, and Prussia

25. Major Themes Expansionist Serfdom Preserved local government ‘internal slavery’ Agriculturalism Powerful landowning aristocracy Resistant to urbanization and social mobility 95% of population was rural