1. Changes in Medieval Society

2. Changes in Agriculture Change from using oxen to plow their land to using horses (shoes) Change from using oxen to plow their land to using horses (shoes) Change from using the two field system to using the three field system (crop rotation) Change from using the two field system to using the three field system (crop rotation) Why the changes? Why the changes?

3. Development of Guilds First guilds were merchant guilds. First guilds were merchant guilds. Improved economic and social conditions for all classes. Improved economic and social conditions for all classes. Was a family business. Was a family business. Set standards for quality of work, wages, and working conditions. Set standards for quality of work, wages, and working conditions.

4. Commercial Revolution The combination of trade and business. The combination of trade and business. Trade fairs were held during big religious festivals Trade fairs were held during big religious festivals Self-sufficient manors-- No More Self-sufficient manors-- No More Trade routes grow and expand Trade routes grow and expand Start and development of exchange rates and credit Start and development of exchange rates and credit Example of society changes due to the Commercial revolution Example of society changes due to the Commercial revolution

5. Trade Fairs

6. The Resurgence of Learning European connection to the Muslims world in addition to the Crusades. European connection to the Muslims world in addition to the Crusades. Universities develop in Europe. Universities develop in Europe. Vernacular a popular writing style used by many Medieval writers. Vernacular a popular writing style used by many Medieval writers.

7. Vernacular writing examples The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.

8. Medieval Philosopher Thomas Aquinas Main argument that all religious truths could be proved by logical argument. Main argument that all religious truths could be proved by logical argument. Main writing Summa Theologicae. Main writing Summa Theologicae.

9. England and France Develop

10. Invasion of England Many invasions of England by Danish Vikings (Wessex and Danelaw) Many invasions of England by Danish Vikings (Wessex and Danelaw) William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy William the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy Battle of Hastings Battle of Hastings

11. William the Conqueror

12. England's Government and The Magna Carta. The marriage of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine (coastal France) The marriage of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine (coastal France) Common Law Common Law Magna Carta, King John I Magna Carta, King John I Development of a Parliament Development of a Parliament

13. Dynasties in France Hugh Capet and the Capetian Dynasty Hugh Capet and the Capetian Dynasty Phillip II and his heirs Phillip II and his heirs Meeting of the three parties—become the Estates Meeting of the three parties—become the Estates

14. Calling of the Estates General

15. The Bubonic Plague The Black Death The Plague

19. Death Dance

20. If you have a weak stomach If you have a weak stomach Look Away Look Away

21. Victims of the Plague

23. Plague Statistics