1. US History II -

2.  The student will demonstrate knowledge of the social, economic, and technological changes of the early twentieth century by  d)identifying the causes of the Great Depression, its impact on Americans, and the major features of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

3.  What were the causes of the Great Depression?  How were the lives of Americans affected by the Great Depression?  What were the major features of the New Deal? VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

4.  Make connections between the past and the present. (USII.1b)  Sequence events in United States history. (USII.1c)  Interpret ideas and events from different historical perspectives. (USII.1d) VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

5.  The optimism of the 1920s concealed problems in the American economic system and attitudes about the role of government in controlling the economy. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

6.  The Great Depression had a widespread and severe impact on American life. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

7.  Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal used government programs to help the nation recover from the Depression. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

8.  People overspeculated on stocks, using borrowed money that they could not repay when stock prices crashed.  The Federal Reserve failed to monitor banks, and prevent the collapse of the banking system. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

10.  Overborrowing  overproduction in factories and farms  uneven distribution of wealth  Rich getting richer, poor getting poorer  High protective tariffs that produced retaliatory tariffs in other countries, strangling world trade  Tariff Act of 1930, popularly called the Hawley-Smoot Act VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

11.  Foreign trade goes way down  New housing construction slows  Auto, rail, steel, textile and other industries are struggling  Farming prices WAY down-Europe not buying US farm products any more. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

12.  Business was booming, but investments were made with borrowed money (overspeculation).  There was excessive expansion of credit.  Business failures led to bankruptcies. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

14.  Bank deposits were invested in the market.  When the market collapsed, the banks ran out of money. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

15.  Clients panicked  Tried to withdraw their money, but there was nothing to give them.  There were no new investments  So banks had no way to give money back to people.  The Great Depression caused widespread hardships across the entire planet! VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

16.  A large number of banks and other businesses failed.  One-fourth of workers were without jobs.  Large numbers of people were hungry and homeless.  Farmers’ incomes fell to VERY low levels VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

17.  Unemployment and homelessness  Collapse of the financial system (bank closings)  Decline in demand for goods  Political unrest (growing anger of labor unions)  Farm foreclosures and migration VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

18.  Social Security  Federal work programs  Environmental improvement programs  Farm assistance programs  Increased rights for labor VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

19.  The New Deal permanently altered the role of American government in the economy.  It changes in people’s attitudes toward government’s responsibilities.  Organized labor acquired new rights, as the New Deal set in place legislation that reshaped modern American capitalism. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

20.  This program changed the role of the government to a more active participant in solving problems.  Roosevelt rallied a frightened nation in which one in four workers was unemployed. (“We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.”) VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

21.  Relief measures provided direct payment to people for immediate help (Works Progress Administration—WPA).  Recovery programs were designed to bring the nation out of the depression over time (Agricultural Adjustment Administration—AAA). VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154

22.  Influenced the public’s belief in the responsibility of government to deliver public services  The government should intervene:  In the economy  Act in ways that promote the general welfare. VA USH II-ESS Page 153-154