1. CHAPTER 24
WORLD WAR II LOOMS

2. How did the end of World War I impact the 1930’s?
Treaty of Versailles caused anger and resentment.
People looked to totalitarian leaders to solver their problems in Germany, Italy, Spain, and Japan.

3. Who was Joseph Stalin?
Took control of the Soviet Union in 1924 after Lenin’s death.
Wanted to make the USSR an industrial power.
Responsible for killing 8 to 13 million of his won people. (Great Purge)
Totalitarian- No rights and suppressed opposition.

4. Who was Benito Mussolini?
Dictator of Italy in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
Known as Il Duce (The Leader)
Fascism- stressed nationalism and placed interests of the state above those of individuals.
Black Shirts-secret police
Crushed all opposition

5. What was going on in Germany?
Hitler wrote a book called Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Nazism- German fascism, dream of uniting all Germanic peoples (Aryan race)
National expansion (lebensraum- living space)
Hitler takes advantage of the Depression and becomes Germany’s new leader.

6. What was going on in Japan?
Wanted to expand to gain natural resources and territory.
Invaded area of Manchuria.
Militaristic nation
Felt they were a superior race.

7. Who was Francisco Franco?
Led Spanish Civil War in the 1930s.
Supported by both Hitler and Mussolini.
Became Spain’s fascist dictator.

8. What was the Kellogg Briand Pact?
Passed in 1928.
Signed by 62 countries and declared that war would never be used.
Small step toward peace.

9. What was the Good Neighbor Policy?
Passed in 1933 by FDR.
Nonintervention in Latin America and withdrew armed forces.
Trade agreements with other nations.

10. What were the Neutrality Acts of 1937?
Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war.
Ban on arms sales and loans to nations in civil war.

11. What areas did Hitler take over in the 1930’s?
Austria
Czechoslovakia (Sudentenland)
Trying to unite Germanic peoples
Hitler was welcomed in the areas of Austria and Sudetenland.

12. What was the Munich Agreement?
British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland if he promised not to take over any other nations.
Appeasement- giving up principles to pacify an aggressor
Hitler will break the agreement.

13. What was the Nonaggression Pact?
Treaty between Hitler and Stalin. (1939)
Germany and Soviet Union agreed not to attack one another.
Agreed to divide Poland between Soviets and Germans.
Hitler will break his agreement.

14. What was blitzkrieg? Means lightning war in German
Fast tanks and aircraft
Took enemy by surprise.
Germany attacks Poland to begin World War II on September
Defeated Poland in less than one month.

15. What nations did Hitler take over in 1940?
Denmark
Norway
Netherlands
Belgium
Luxembourg
France
Stalin- took Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Finland.

16. In 1940, what happened in England and France?
Both Germany and Italy invade France and took over in a few weeks.
French general Charles De Gaulle fled to England.
Battle of Britain- major English cities continuously bombed (called the Blitz). English never surrendered.

17. Who was Winston Churchill?
Became England’s Prime Minister in 1940.
Led England thru World War II.
Kept English spirits up in difficult times.

18. What was the Holocaust?
The systematic murder of 11 million people across Europe in 1930’s and 40’s.
More than ½ were Jews.

19. How were Jews treated in Germany?
Anti-semitism- hatred of Jews.
Hitler made Jews the scapegoat for all Germany’s problems.
Nuremberg Laws- stripped Jews of citizenship, jobs, and property.
Had to wear Star of David.

20. What was Kristallnacht?
November Night of Broken Glass.
Nazi storm troopers destroyed Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues in Germany.
100 Jews killed and 30,000 Jews were arrested.

21. Where could the Jews go?
Jews had trouble finding acceptance in other nations.
The U.S. had accepted 100,000 Jewish refugees.
Many Americans opposed Jews for job competition.
SS St. Louis- Jewish refugees turned away. More than ½ of the 943 passengers did in the Holocaust.

22. What was Hitler’s Final Solution?
Genocide- systematic and deliberate killing of a race or ethnicity.
Final Solution- genocide of the Jewish people rounded up by German SS officers.
Other groups: Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Freemasons, mentally and physically disabled, homosexuals, incurably ill, and those who differed politically.

23. Chart of Holocaust Victims

24. What were ghettos?
Jewish were rounded up and taken to closed off areas with barbed wire fence and stone walls.
Most famous was the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland.

25. What were concentration camps?
Labor and death camps across Europe.
Horrible living conditions.
Mass exterminations
Medical experiments
Millions were killed, thousands daily.

26. Map of Concentration Camps

27. How did people survive concentration camps?
Many survivors credit their strong will to live and tell their story.
6 million Jews died and 5 million of various other groups did not make it.
Survivors tell their stories so no one will forget.
Elie Wiesel famed author of Night

28. Who were the Axis Powers?
Germany, Italy, and Japan joined forces in World War II.
Known as Tripartite Pact
Wanted to keep America out of the war.

29. How did America try to help England and Soviets?
1939- Cash and carry policy- buy U.S. weapons but nations had to transport them on their own.
U.S. built up its own military.
Lend Lease Plan (1940)- U.S. would lend arms to our Allies (Britain and Soviets)

30. What was the Atlantic Charter?
Between England and the U.S.
Pledged collective security, disarmament, self-determination, freedom of seas, and economic cooperation.
Basis of United Nations.
Signed by 26 nations to form Allies against Axis Powers.

31. In 1940-41, what was going on in Japan?
Emperor Hirohito
Hideki Tojo- military leader of Japan
Launch attacks throughout Asia (Manchuria, Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia)
Wanted to attack U.S.

32. What happened on December 7 1941?
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
2,403 Americans were killed.
21 ships and 300 aircraft were destroyed.
“A date which will live in infamy.” FDR
The U.S. declared war.