1. 1.What is the source of all energy in this ecosystem ? (WHERE DOES IT ALL COME FROM) 2.How does energy get from the source to the hawk? BELLRINGER:

2. 2.1 Section Objectives – page 35 Be able to explain energy transfers among organisms using food chains and ecological pyramids. Today’s Objective: Can be found in the book: Pg. 46 - 50

3. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 The ultimate source of the energy for life is the sun.

4. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Autotrophs are our link to the energy from the sun. All other organisms depend on autotrophs. An organism that uses light energy (mostly plants) to make food is a producer, or autotroph. The Producers: Autotrophs

5. Autotrophs use the sun’s energy to manufacture food energy in a process called photosynthesis.

6. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 An organism that cannot produce it’s own food energy and has to eat/consume other organisms for energy is a heterotroph. The Consumers: Heterotrophs There are different types of heterotrophs.

7. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 The Consumers: Heterotrophs A heterotroph that feeds only on plants (autotrophs) is an herbivore.

8. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Some heterotrophs just eat other heterotrophs- these are carnivores. The Consumers: Heterotrophs

9. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Some heterotrophs eat both heterotrophs and autotrophs. They are called omnivores. The Consumers: Heterotrophs

10. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Scavengers eat animals that have already died. They don’t actually kill for food, but they only eat dead heterotrophs The Consumers: Heterotrophs

11. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Some organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and some worms are decomposers. The Consumers: Heterotrophs Decomposers break down the complex compounds of dead and decaying plants and animals into simpler molecules that can be more easily absorbed.

12. The ultimate source of energy is……. This energy goes to…… Autotrophs

13. How do heterotrophs get their energy? By eating autotrophs….. And by eating the heterotrophs that ate autotrophs…..

14. Who do you think is getting more energy?

15. Food energy flows through an ecosystem from producers to consumers in a chain… Matter (like water and carbon) gets recycled. Energy does not….it is replenished everyday by the sun.

16. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 In a food chain, nutrients and energy move from autotrophs to heterotrophs and, eventually, to decomposers. A food chain is a simple model that scientists use to show how energy moves through an ecosystem.

17. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 The arrows in a food chain show the direction of ENERGY FLOW. berries → mice → black bear The Flow of Matter and Energy FOOD CHAINS Most food chains consist of only two, three, or four transfers.

18. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 The Flow of Matter and Energy FOOD CHAINS Only about 10% of the energy is transferred at each feeding step….. berries → mice → black bear 1000 kcals 100 kcals 10 kcals This is why a bear would have to eat a lot of mice….

19. If only 10% is transferred to the consumer, what happens to the rest of the energy? LEFT BEHIND AND GIVEN OFF AS HEAT ENERGY

20. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 Each feeding step in a food chain is called a trophic level.

21. The first CONSUMER in a food chain is called a primary or first-order heterotroph. The first-order heterotroph eats autotrophs.

22. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 A second order heterotroph is an organism that feeds on a first order heterotroph.

23. A third order heterotroph or tertiary is an organism that feeds on a second order heterotroph. REMEMBER: a food chain represents only one possible route for the transfer energy through an ecosystem.

24. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 An ecological pyramid is another way to show a food chain. 1.The autotroph is always at the bottom of the pyramid 2.As you go up the pyramid, you go higher in the trophic levels Grasses (3000) Grasshoppers (250) Birds (25) Fox (1) This pyramid is a pyramid of NUMBERS.

26. Section 2.2 Summary – pages 46 - 57 This pyramid shows ENERGY LOSS. Pyramid of Energy Heat 0.1% Consumers 1% Consumers 10% Consumers 100% Producers Parasites, scavengers, and decomposers feed at each level.

27. On the back of your notespage 1.Re-create the food chain above…you can just write names… 2. Draw arrows showing the direction of energy flow 3. Label each organism as either an autotroph or heterotroph 4. Then label the levels of the consumers