1. Chapter 15 © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Extreme Sexuality and Paraphilias

2. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Learning Objectives  Changes in acceptability of sexual behavior  Paraphilias  Sexual novelty and healthy sexuality  Mainstreaming of pornography and sexual well- being

3. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Changes in Acceptability of Sexual Behaviors  Paraphilia: Pattern of sexual behavior characterized by sexual arousal to individuals, objects, or situations  Departs from mainstream normative or typical behavior  May cause serious personal distress, impair daily functioning or harm to others

4. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Changes in Acceptability of Sexual Behaviors  Extreme sexual behaviors: Risky, noncoercive behavior between consenting adults  Tests the limits of what a culture tolerates within its spectrum of sexual behaviors

5. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Variations in Mainstream Sexual Behavior  Sexual norms  Serve as a blueprint for how to behave sexually  Are observed by majority of people in a society  A small number of individuals express their sexual individuality in terms of sexual novelty, romantic creativity, and sexual experimentation online  A small subset engage in sexual variations that are abnormal and classified as paraphilias

6. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Cross-Cultural Extremes of Sexuality  Cultures vary  Some are more sex-positive and approving of sexual variations  Some are less sex-negative and disapproving of sexual variations  What one culture thinks is extreme sexual behavior, another group may not

7. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Extreme Sexual Behaviors in Contemporary Society  Sado-masochism relationships: Relationships that may involve pain and pleasure, bondage, and other practices, such as spanking and whipping  Denial: A form of coping with fear or anxiety that involves distortion of reality and its perception

8. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Strip Clubs—Normal or Extreme?  Traditionally cater to men  Are consensual and legal  Certain behaviors of the performer might be regarded as extreme

9. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Gender and Extreme Sexual Behavior  Research indicates:  Men display a broader range of extreme sexual behaviors, as well as paraphilias, than women  Strong relationship between sensation-seeking as a personality factor and sexual risk-taking in heterosexual men and women  Women engage in less extreme sexual behavior  Powerful social controls  May be more punished and brutalized

10. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Kinky Sex  Adult consensual sexual practices that are becoming mainstream, including:  Spanking, tickling, and bondage, and a variety of different forms of sexual interests  BDSM: Refers to bondage/discipline (BD) and sadism/masochism (SM)  Power plays and role acting that is not necessarily sexual

11. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Kinky Sex  Sexual fetishism: An object or body part arouses intense sexual interest and urges  May launch a person into an uncontrollable episode alone or with another person  Typically leads to sexual gratification

12. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sex Tourism and Extreme Sexuality  Sex tourism: Traveling for the purpose of having sex in return for money or goods  Possible reasons for going in search of sexual adventure  Many regard skin color of some people as a kind of sexual fetish  Own society may forbid some extreme sexual behavior  Sex trafficking

13. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. When Extreme Sexual Behavior Becomes Compulsive  Compulsive behavior: Behavior that individuals are unable to control even though they have repeatedly tried to do so  Sexual compulsivity: A person’s inability to control sexual urges  It is not a paraphilia  Hypersexuality: Frequent or sudden expression of sexual urges  It is not a paraphilia

14. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. When Extreme Sexual Behavior Becomes Compulsive  Common features of sexual compulsivity  Excessive time consumed by sexual fantasies, urges, and planning for sexual behaviors  Repeatedly engaging in compulsive sexuality to deal with emotional moods

15. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. When Extreme Sexual Behavior Becomes Compulsive  Repeatedly returning to the sexual compulsions during stressful life events  Repeatedly but unsuccessfully trying to control or reduce this sexuality  Disregarding or denying the possible physical risk and emotional harm

16. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. When Extreme Sexual Behavior Becomes Compulsive  Sexual addiction: A controversial disorder of intimacy  It is not a paraphilia

17. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. When Extreme Sexual Behavior Becomes Compulsive  Specific behaviors include:  Frequent or compulsive masturbation  Having compulsive phone or Internet sex  Compulsively watching pornography  Having numerous sex partners  Engaging in risky and unsafe sex practices often  Engaging in sexual molestation, voyeurism, or exhibitionism

18. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Paraphilias  Sexual behaviors connected to persons or objects that are not part of normative variations  May cause serious distress or trauma

19. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Clinical Criteria of Paraphilias  American Psychiatric Association seeks:  Distinction between paraphilias that do not cause personal distress or harm to others and those that do  New criteria will allow clinicians to make clear distinction between:  A healthy person with a non normative sexual behavior and a person whose non normative sexual urges cause distress

20. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Clinical Criteria of Paraphilias  Key traits in diagnosis of paraphilia  An intense, recurring sexual fantasy, sexual urge, or behavior  Involvement with nonhuman objects, children, or nonconsenting adults  Pain, suffering, or humiliation to self or to others  Behavior that has lasted for at least 6 months  Significant distress or impairment associated with the sexual urges

21. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Categories of Paraphilias  Coercive paraphilia: A sexual practice that involves the use of force against a sexual partner  Poses a risk to victims who may be unaware of what is going on or are unable to give consent  Voyeurism: Secretly watching someone undress or engage in some kind of intimate or sexual behavior  Exhibitionism: Exposing genitals to unsuspecting victims for the purpose of sexual arousal

22. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Categories of Paraphilias  Frotteurism: Act of a person rubbing his or her genitals against another person  Pedophilia: Sexual urges and gratification related to minors, especially prepubertal females and males  Noncoercive paraphilia: Involves only one person or consenting adults to engage in a sexual practice  May involve pain, humiliation, pleasure, and other emotion

23. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Categories of Paraphilias  Sadism: Inflicting pain on one’s sexual partner, to create sexual pleasure for the person inflicting the pain  Masochism: The act of inflicting pain on oneself for the purpose of pleasure  Transvestic fetishism: A man becomes aroused by wearing women’s clothes  Autoerotic asphyxiophilia: A form of fetishistic arousal from near suffocation  AB/DL: Fetishism in which an adult dresses as a baby and the adult partner treats him or her like a baby  Paraphilic infantilism

24. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Popular Culture and Media Influence  Abasiophilia: Sexual attraction to people who use leg braces  Robot fetishism: Arousal to a robot or androidlike being

25. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Origins of Paraphilias  Psychoanalytic theory - Focuses on how inner conflict and unresolved incestuous fantasies may lead to paraphilias  Four sequential phases  Attraction to a potential partner  Initial sexual interaction  Sexual interaction that is tactile, such as hugging, kissing, and hand-holding  Sexual intercourse

26. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Origins of Paraphilias  Love map: A cognitive template for attraction and sexual expression believed to develop in childhood  Behavioral theory - Paraphilias are a result of conditioning  A stimulus and a response become accidentally hard wired for sexual pleasure in a particular person

27. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Origins of Paraphilias  Sociobiological theory - Study of the biological aspects of behavior  Connects genetic variations to the extremes of human sexual behavior

28. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Treatment of Paraphilias  Causes of seeking treatment  Self-distress and sexual dysfunction  Court-ordered treatment  Couples therapy and relationship distress

29. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Treatment of Paraphilias  Cognitive-behavioral therapy  Orgasmic reconditioning  Social skills training  Twelve-step programs, modeled on Alcoholics Anonymous  Group psycho- and sexual therapy  Individual supportive psychotherapy  Medications

30. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sexual Novelty and Healthy Sexuality  Sexual novelty: Creative exploration of what is sexually arousing and satisfying to one or both partners  Includes other sexual behaviors, such as using new sexual techniques or delaying orgasm

31. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Sex Toys, Vibrators, and Related Sexual Enhancements  Enhance sexual pleasure  Should be:  Made from nontoxic material  Sold only to adults  Used in ways that do not inflict harm on someone

32. © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Mainstreaming of Pornography and Sexual Well-Being  Pornography has moved from the bizarre to the mainstream  Remains controversial or illegal in its more extreme forms  Way to enhance sexual novelty and well-being, if kept in balance with other aspects of life